The short-term effects of endosulfan discharges on eucalypt floodplain soil microarthropods |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Centre for Biodiversity and Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;2. Centre for Natural Resources, NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation, PO Box U245, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;1. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia. Av. Esperança s/n, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil;2. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, NUPELIA/Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil;1. Laboratory LASIR (UMR 8516 CNRS – Université Lille 1), Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d''Ascq, France;2. Laboratory LOG, (UMR 8187 CNRS), Station Marine de Wimereux, Université Lille 1, 28 av. Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France;3. Agence de l''Eau Artois-Picardie, 200 rue Marceline, 59200 Douai, France;1. LSFRI “Silava”, Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV2169, Latvia;2. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Haapastensyrjä Research Station, Haapastensyrjäntie 34, Läyliäinen, FI12600, Finland |
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| Abstract: | The insecticide endosulfan is extensively used in the Australian cotton growing industry. Irrigation tailwater contaminated with endosulfan is released onto floodplains to avoid direct entry into river systems where endosulfan is highly toxic to fish. We examined the short-term effects of endosulfan, at levels likely to be present in tailwaters, on soil arthropods on such a floodplain near Moree, NSW. The study consisted of four treatments: a dry control (replicates untreated), wet control (replicates flooded with water only), 1 μg/l endosulfan and 10 μg/l endosulfan. Treatments were applied in the middle of summer and soil invertebrate samples were taken 1 week, 1 month and 2 months following treatment. Invertebrates were sorted to order level and oribatid mites to species. Endosulfan sulphate was detected in all treatments, including the two controls, most likely the result of spray drift. The focus of the experiment was therefore to explore the short-term impacts of endosulfan contaminated tailwater on communities that had been previously exposed to endosulfan. More than 7700 arthropods were collected from a total sample area of 0.336 m2. The dominant groups were the prostigmatid and oribatid mites (35 species), collembolans and hemipterans. Our analyses did not detect any short-term effect of the endosulfan treatments on the number of individuals, spatial aggregations or community structure of the soil fauna. There were clear responses to changes in soil moisture related to treatment applications. The study, therefore, made two important findings: (1) a diverse and abundant soil fauna persists on floodplains exposed to endosulfan contaminated tailwater, and (2) this diverse and abundant soil fauna were unaffected by the addition of endosulfan at concentrations common to tailwater run-off from cotton fields. There is clearly a need to determine whether these findings can be extended to soil arthropod biodiversity in areas previously unexposed to endosulfan. |
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