不同大小的刺梨果实品质特征及重要指标间的相关性

探究不同大小刺梨的果实品质特征及重要品质指标间的相关性,为确定刺梨产品加工中原料鲜果的质量分级提供依据。以贵州6个县(区)种植的4~5年生‘贵农5号’刺梨果实为材料,测定不同大小等级的果实重、种子数、出汁率、可食率和可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、维生素C和总黄酮的含量,分析不同大小果实的品质指标间的差异性及相关性。结果表明,不同等级大小的刺梨果实的品质特征差异明显,种子多、出汁率及可食率和含酸量高、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量低是刺梨大果的品质特征;中、小果的品质特征是种子少、出汁率及可食率和含酸量较低,但可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量高。在每100g小型果的果肉中,维生素C和总黄酮的含量分别比大型果高276.67mg和1307.38mg。在刺梨果实中,种子的数量、出汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量随单果重的增大而增加,可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C、总黄酮含量随单果重的增大而降低。果实大小与种子数、出汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量呈极显著负相关,可溶性总糖和可滴定酸的含量与维生素C含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,可溶性固形物与维生素C含量不相关;可溶性固形物含量与总黄酮呈显著正相关;可溶性总糖、可滴定酸与总黄酮含量呈极显著负相关。刺梨的中、小型果实也是产品加工的优质原料鲜果,在刺梨果实质量分级中不宜仅以果实大小作为判定质量高低的指标。

The Quality Characteristics of Different Sizes of Rosa roxbunghii Fruits and the Correlation Between Important Quality Indexes

Abstract In order to determine the quality classification basis of the raw material in the Rosa roxburghii Tratt products processing. Taken Rosa roxburghii Tratt of "Guinong No.5" planted in 6 counties (districts) of Guizhou for 4~5 years as the research object, measured fruit quality of different size grades, analyzed the differences and correlation between quality indexes. The results show that the quality characteristic of Rosa roxburghii Tratt is that soluble solid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and total flavonoids of small and medium- sized fruits were higher, but seed number, juice rate, edible rate and fruit acid content is low. Size of fruit are positively correlated with seed number, juice rate, edible rate, titratable acid content, negatively correlated with content of soluble solids, soluble sugar, vitamin C, total flavonoids. The contents of soluble total sugar and titratable acid are highly significant and significant positive correlated with the content of vitamin C, soluble solids is uncorrelated with the content of vitamin C; soluble solid content and total flavonoids are positively correlated; the total soluble sugar and titratable acid are negatively correlated with the content of total flavonoids. Among Rosa roxburghii Tratts, small fruits are also high-quality raw materials of fresh fruits in the product processing. In Rosa roxburghii fruit quality classification, it is inappropriate to make the size of fruits the only indicator to determine the quality of the fruit.