小麦、油菜耐缺锰能力田间比较研究

选用耐缺锰能力不同的７个油菜品种和２个小麦品种，在水旱轮作的严重缺锰土壤上，进行了２种作物不同品种耐缺锰能力的比较研究。结果表明，在同样的缺锰土壤上，油菜的耐缺锰能力明显高于小麦。７个油菜品种中，有５个品种仅在秧田期出现了轻度缺锰症，但持续时间较短，移栽至大田后所有油菜品种均未出现缺锰症，且缺锰处理植株叶色、长势和收获后的籽粒产量与正常供锰处理相比没有明显差异。而２个小麦品种则从分蘖期开始出现缺锰症，并一直持续到孕穗期。其中，耐缺锰能力相对较纱的川麦２２号发病更为严重。缺锰胁迫使小麦减产３０％以上。在水旱轮作的缺锰土壤上，直播油菜相对产量略高于移栽油菜。

A study on the difference of wheat and oilseed rape in tolerance to Mn deficiency in the field

Under rice wheat or rice oilseed rape cropping system, seven oilseed rape cultivars and two wheat cultivars were used to study the difference of oilseed rape and wheat in tolerance to Mn deficiency. The results demonstrated that oilseed rape was higher tolerance to Mn deficiency than that of wheat in the same Mn deficient soil. Among seven oilseed rape cultivars, five oilseed rape cultivars showed slight Mn deficient symptoms just in seedling bed. After transplanting, all oilseed rape cultivars grew healthily without any Mn deficient symptoms. Compared with the plants in +Mn treatments, the plants of all oilseed rape cultivars in -Mn treatments had no significant differences in leaf color, growth vigour and grain yields in field growth period. The two wheat cultivars in -Mn treatments showed typical Mn deficient symptoms from early tillering stage to ear bearing stage. The grain yields of two wheat cultivars under Mn stress reduced more than 30%. In the Mn deficient soil of rice wheat or rice oilseed rape rotation, relative grain yield of direct sowing oilseed rape was higher than that of transplanting oilseed rape.