Echocardiographic reference intervals in healthy UK deerhounds and prevalence of preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective,longitudinal study |
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| Institution: | 1. Cheshire Cardiology, The Beeches, Cheshire, WA16 8NE, UK;2. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK;3. Faculty of Occupational Medicine, 2 Lovibond Lane, Greenwich, London, SE10 9FY, UK;4. HeartVets, Exeter, UK;1. Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA;2. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Connaway Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA;1. Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, AniCura, Viale Marconi, 27, 21017, Samarate, VA, Italy;2. Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, AniCura, Via Roma 57, 40069, Zola Predosa, BO, Italy;3. Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell''Emilia, BO, Italy;4. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA;1. Anicura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, 28060, Italy;2. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, Pisa, 56122, Italy;1. Corresponding Address Kardiovet GmbH, Eystrasse 74, Kirchberg, Switzerland;2. Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz, Vienna, Austria;3. Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire des Cordeliers, 35 Avenue Du Maréchal Joffre, 77100 Meaux, France;4. Tierärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis, An Den Wurthen 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;5. Medisch Centrum voor Dieren, Isolatorweg 45, 1014 AS Amsterdam, the Netherlands;6. Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK;7. Tierklinik Bockenheim, Juliusstrasse 12, 60487 Frankfurt, Germany;8. Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts West Indies, St. Kitts and Nevis;9. Kleintierspezialisten Dres. Schmerbach & Höpfner, Wittestr. 30, 13509 Berlin, Germany;10. Tiergesundheitszentrum Obere Hard, Überweisungspraxis für Innere Medizin und Kardiologie, Oberer Hardweg 16, 75181 Pforzheim, Germany;11. Barton Veterinary Hospital and Surgery, CVS (UK) Ltd, 34 New Dover Road, Canterbury, Kent CT1 3BH, UK;12. North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Building 3 & 4, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Brewer Street, Bletchingley, Surrey RH1 4QP, UK;13. Clinique Vétérinaire Aquivet, 19 Avenue de La Forêt, Parc d''activités Mermoz, 33320 Eysines, France;14. Clinique Vétérinaire Armonia, Rue Serge Mauroit, 38090 Villefontaine, France;15. Aalborg Dyrehospital, Fredrikstadvej 10, 9200 Aalborg SV, Denmark;p. Kleintierzentrum Walluf, Am Klingenweg 21, 65396 Walluf, Germany;q. Tierärztliche Klinik Oberhaching, Bajuwarenring 10, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany;r. Oncovet Clinique Vétérinaire de Référés, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59650 Villeneuve d''Ascq, France;s. Ivy Court, Willington Rd, Etwall, Derbyshire DE65 6JG, UK;t. Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire SO21 2LL, UK;u. Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany;v. Clinique Vétérinaire Foch, 38 Avenue du Maréchal Foch, 34500 Beziers, France;w. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim Am Rhein, Germany |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSighthounds have high echocardiographic (ECHO) left ventricular volumes. Establishing robust breed-specific ECHO reference intervals (RI) for screening is important. End-diastolic volume index (EDVI), end-systolic volume index (ESVI) and ejection fraction (EF) reference ranges derived by Simpson's method of discs are not available for deerhounds. The influence of sex or body weight (BW) on left ventricular diameter during diastole (LVDd) and systole (LVDs) has never been reported.ObjectivesProspectively determine ECHO RI and assess prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in healthy UK deerhounds.AnimalsNinety-nine deerhounds.MethodsDeerhounds scored on ECHO and ECG variables then classified as normal (NORM), equivocal (EQUIV) or affected (AFF) with DCM. Fifty-nine NORM deerhounds used to determine ECHO RI.ResultsPrevalence of DCM was 21.6%. There were significant differences in BW (P<0.001), LVDd (P<0.001) and LVDs (P<0.05) between female and male deerhounds. Cut-off values for EDVI (≥140.2 mL/m2: 79% sensitivity/97% specificity), ESVI (≥71.9 mL/m2: 94.7% sensitivity/94.2% specificity) and EF (≤42.1%: 84.2% sensitivity/92.8% specificity) were proposed to help diagnose DCM. The most reliable ECHO variables to identify AFF dogs were LVDs indexed to BW by allometric scaling and ESVI; one of the least reliable was sphericity index. Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) were identified in 13.6% of the population, with the highest prevalence in AFF deerhounds (42%).ConclusionsPreclinical DCM in deerhounds is common and VA may be associated with DCM. Healthy deerhounds have higher LVDd, LVDs and EDVI compared with other breeds. This study provides ECHO RIs for deerhounds; sex or BW RIs should be used when screening. |
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| Keywords: | Ventricular arrhythmia Sighthound Left ventricular volume |
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