Caudal vena cava point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease without clinically important right heart disease |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium;2. Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium;3. Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Canada West Veterinary Specialists, 1988 Kootenay Street, Vancouver, B.C. V5M 4Y3, Canada;1. Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell''Emilia, Italy;2. Freelance Veterinary Cardiologist, Bologna, Italy;3. Clinica Veterinaria Sasso Marconi, viale Verde 7, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy;4. Clinica Veterinaria San Sebastiano, via Boari 22, 04026, Minturno, Italy;5. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA;2. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA;3. Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, 07724, USA;4. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA;5. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;1. Bluepearl Veterinary Partners, 4126 Packard Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108, USA;2. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA;1. University of Minnesota, Veterinary Medical Center, St. Paul, MN, USA;2. University of Chicago, Pediatric Cardiology, Chicago, IL, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesCaudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease.Animals, materials and methodsThis retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVCD were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVCD-max/Ao and CVCD-min/Ao); CVCCI was calculated as (CVCD-max-CVCD-min)/CVCD-max. Fisher's exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables.ResultsSubjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVCD-max/Ao was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVCD-min/Ao was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVCCI was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010).ConclusionsIn dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia. |
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| Keywords: | volume status Compensation caval size |
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