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Transcatheter closure of aneurysmal perimembranous ventricular septal defect with the canine duct occluder in two dogs
Institution:1. Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell''Emilia, Italy;2. Freelance Veterinary Cardiologist, Bologna, Italy;3. Clinica Veterinaria Sasso Marconi, viale Verde 7, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy;4. Clinica Veterinaria San Sebastiano, via Boari 22, 04026, Minturno, Italy;5. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;1. Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 28 College Ave W, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Hospital Veterinario UCV y Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain;3. Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada;1. Equine Sports Medicine Practice, Avenue Beau Séjour 83, 1410 Waterloo, Belgium;2. New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W Street Road, 19348 PA, Kennett Square, USA;1. Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;3. Department of Cardiology, AZ Groeninge, President Kennedylaan 4, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;4. Department of Cardiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Brugge, Belgium;5. Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;2. Section of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, England, UK
Abstract:Congenital membranous ventricular septal aneurysm has been reported in dogs and can be associated with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). The windsock-like ventricular septal aneurysm is formed by tissue of the membranous ventricular septum and portions of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. We report two dogs that underwent transcatheter closure of perimembranous VSD associated with membranous ventricular septal aneurysm using a commercial device marketed for transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus, the canine duct occluder. Partial closure was achieved in the first dog with reduction in left heart dimensions documented on echocardiography both at one day and nine months after procedure. In the second dog, three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and a three-dimensionally printed whole heart model were used to evaluate feasibility for transcatheter device closure. Complete closure of the VSD was subsequently achieved. Both cases had good short- to medium-term outcomes, no perioperative complications were observed, and both dogs are apparently healthy and receiving no cardiac medications at 34 months and 17 months after procedure. Transcatheter attenuation of perimembranous VSD with membranous ventricular septal aneurysm is clinically feasible using the canine duct occluder, and multimodal cardiac imaging allows accurate assessment and planning prior to transcatheter intervention for structural heart disease in dogs.
Keywords:Congenital heart disease  Cardiac computed tomography  3D printing  Structural heart disease  Cardiac catheterization
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