Private trees contribute uniquely to urban forest diversity,structure and service-based traits |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;2. Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China;3. Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;4. Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;1. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Geography, Germany;2. Central China Normal University, National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, China;3. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working Group on Governance of Ecosystem Services, Germany;4. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Germany;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2. Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;3. Tanghekou Middle School, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China;1. School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;2. University of Brasilia, School of Public Health, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;3. University of Brasilia, Geoscience Institute, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;4. University of Brasilia, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;5. University of Brasilia, Ceilândia, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;2. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.;3. Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The urban forest provides our communities with a host of benefits through the delivery of ecosystem services. To properly quantify and sustain these benefits, we require a strong baseline understanding of forest structure and diversity. To date, fine-scale work considering urban forest diversity and ecosystem services has often been limited to trees on public land, considering only one or two green space types. However, the governance of urban green spaces means tree species composition is influenced by management decisions at various levels, including by institutions, municipalities, and individual landowners responsible for their care. Using a mixed-method approach combining a traditional field-inventory and community science project, we inventoried urban trees in the residential neighbourhood of Notre-Dame-de-Grȃce, Montreal. We assessed how tree diversity, composition and structure varies across multiple green space types in the public and private domain (parks, institutions, street rights of way and private yards) at multiple scales. We assessed how service-based traits – traits capturing aspects of plant form and functions that urban residents find beneficial – differed across green space types, with implications for the distribution of ecosystem services across the urban landscape. Green space types displayed meaningful differences in tree diversity, structure, and service-based traits. For example, the inclusion of private trees contributed an additional 52 species (>30% of total species) not found in the local public tree inventory. Trees on private land also tended to be smaller than those in the public domain. Beyond patterns of tree richness, size, and abundance we also observed differences in the composition of tree species and service-based traits at site-scales, particularly between street rights-of way and private yards. While species composition varied considerably across street blocks, blocks were very similar to one another in terms of mean service-based traits. Contrastingly, while species composition was similar from yard to yard, yards differed significantly in mean service-based trait values. Our work emphasises that public tree inventories are unlikely to be fully representative of urban forest composition, structure, and benefits, with implications for urban forest management at larger spatial scales. |
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| Keywords: | Urban forestry Community science Citizen science Urban green spaces Tree diversity Management scales Governance Service-based traits |
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