Cannabis toxicity in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

BackgroundMarijuana toxicity in pets has become more commonly reported due to increased exposure in the United States, however, it has not been previously reported in lagomorphs.Case descriptionA 3-month-old, male, intact mini rex rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated on an emergency basis for a seizure-like episode. Significant abnormalities on physical exam at time of presentation included a subdued mentation, bradycardia, a sinus arrhythmia, and proprioceptive deficits. Results of a point-of-care blood glucose, complete blood count, and biochemistry panel were all clinically unremarkable. The rabbit was hospitalized for monitoring and subcutaneous fluids. During 10 hours of hospitalization, the rabbit maintained adequate appetite and stool production, and the neurologic signs and bradycardia resolved without further intervention. An over-the-counter human urine drug test was performed the following morning when the owners reported potential marijuana ingestion which was positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Due to resolution of clinical signs and suspicion of marijuana toxicity as reported by the owners and test results, the patient was discharged with continued monitoring and no recurrent concerns were reported.Conclusions and case relevanceMarijuana toxicity has not been reported in any lagomorph species, but this case report suggests that it should be considered a differential diagnosis for acute onset of neurologic deficits in rabbits. Lack of previous reports in rabbits presents considerable challenges for expected clinical impact and therapy, however, despite delay in confirming cannabis toxicity, this animal recovered completely without intensive care. The information provided from this case report may benefit veterinary professionals in identifying THC toxicity in pet rabbits.