Socio-ecological restoration of cultural forests: The case of the Gyeongju historic areas in South Korea |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Landscape Architecture, Pusan National University, 1268-50, Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50463, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany;1. Department of Social Sciences, Education University of Hong Kong, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China;2. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China;1. Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK;2. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, UK;1. Active Living, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark;2. Children & Nature – Denmark, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;3. University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | This study seeks to provide a more holistic understanding of traditional forest management. Focusing on cultural/historical sites, this paper highlights the values attributed to historical and cultural landscapes. To restore traditional landscapes and their values, we identified all of the tree species that are currently present in the Oreung royal tomb grove and Gyerim sacred grove in the city of Gyeongju, located in the southeastern area of the Korean peninsula, and compared this to the historical list of species found in these areas by consulting historical documents and old illustrations. The results revealed that a large number of species not part of the original design are present in both the Oreung royal tomb grove (12.51 %) and the Gyerim sacred grove (33.14 %) of the total trees, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of conserving culturally important species following traditional management strategies to restore historical/cultural landscapes of the past rather than simply increasing biological diversity. This study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the management of traditional forests by incorporating historical and ecological perspectives and suggests future strategies for the conservation of traditional forests. |
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| Keywords: | Socio-ecological restoration Traditional forest management Feng shui Traditional landscape Native species |
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