Study on smellscape perception and landscape application of fragrant plants |
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Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China;2. School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China;3. Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic;4. Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada;1. China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. Fujian Branch, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China;2. College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;3. The Lab of Urban Forestry Research in Action, Department of Forest Resources Management, the University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada;4. Department of Arts & Design, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou 363105, China;5. Fuzhou Changle District Star Epoch Academy School, Fuzhou, 350206, Fujian, China;1. Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 158, 60-594, Poznań, Poland;2. Department of Biological Pest Control of Plant Protection, National Research Institute in Poznań, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318, Poznań, Poland;3. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Science, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland;1. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India;2. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India;3. Division of Soil and Crop Management, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India;1. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;3. City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China;4. Healthy High Density Cities Lab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China |
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Abstract: | Plants in parks emit different fragrances. How will these fragrances affect us? How can we better allocate these plants? In this paper, five kinds of traditional fragrant plants in northern China were selected for fragrance analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the fragrance types and diffusion process were analyzed by a smell-walking method. Subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was carried out in outdoor plant communities using a semantic differential method. At the same time, the application of fragrant plants was discussed. The purpose was to explore the relationship between smellscape and perception and provide a reference for smellscape map drawing and landscape application of fragrant plants. Study plants were shown to plants present different fragrance types: monoterpense, syringaldehyde, β-ionone and acetic acid phenylmethyl ester were the main compounds of magnolia, syringa, osmanthus and wintersweet, and linalool was also the major compounds of tree peony, osmanthus and wintersweet. Smell-walking survey reported that magnolia and tree peony exhibited a woody and light medicinal fragrance, syringa emitted a powerful hyacinth-like odor, osmanthus had a strong sweet smell, and wintersweet had a fresh sweet smell. And subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was positive; the evaluation value of osmanthus was the highest, followed by magnolia and wintersweet, and finally syringa and tree peony. Further, subjects found tree peony to be less pleasant because of its mixed fragrance. We also found that fragrance concentration and diffusion were related to plant density, tree height, receptor location and spatial range. Other factors, such as surrounding plants, landscape architecture, rockery and water also affected fragrance diffusion. Our findings show that these myriad factors should be considered comprehensively in plant allocation. |
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Keywords: | Fragrant plants Smellscape Perceptual evaluation Landscape application |
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