Does street canyon morphology shape particulate matter reduction capacity by street trees in real urban environments? |
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| Institution: | 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2. Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;3. Tanghekou Middle School, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China;1. School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;2. University of Brasilia, School of Public Health, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;3. University of Brasilia, Geoscience Institute, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;4. University of Brasilia, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;5. University of Brasilia, Ceilândia, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;1. Global Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea;2. Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;2. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.;3. Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;1. Department for International Scientific Cooperation in Southeast Europe – EFISEE, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia;2. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany;3. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;1. Geography Department, Landscape Ecology Lab, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;2. Croatian Forest Research Institute, Division for International Scientific Cooperation in Southeast Europe, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia;3. UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;4. UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Urban street canyon morphology plays an important role in outdoor air quality and should be considered in tree planting schemes. However, the air pollutant reduction rate by street trees in different types of street canyon has rarely been analyzed for real urban environments. Therefore, this study conducted field investigation of 15 street canyons in residential areas to assess the reduction rate of particulate matter (PM) by trees in canyons with varying aspect ratio (AR) and orientation. The species of trees planted in these streets were Sophora japonica, Populus alba 'Berolinensis' L., Salix babylonica, Fraxinus chinensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, and Ulmus pumila. In the presence of trees, the mass concentration of fine PM (PM1) decreased most in narrow canyons (AR = 1.37–3.02), while the concentration of coarse PM (PM10) decreased most in wide canyons (AR = 0.45–0.69). The PM concentration increased most with tree planting in medium canyons (AR = 0.79–1.08). Additionally, street trees reduced fine PM concentration more in canyons with a 45° angle to the prevailing wind than in canyons aligned parallel to the prevailing wind. But they reduced coarse PM more in canyons aligned parallel to the prevailing wind than in canyons with a 45° angle to the prevailing wind. In comparison with tree-free cases, tree planting weakened the correlation between AR and coarse PM concentration, whereas no difference in correlation was found between AR and fine PM concentration. Overall, street canyon morphology should be considered seriously in developing tree planting guidelines for built-up environments. |
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| Keywords: | Aspect ratio Orientation Outdoor air quality Tree characteristics Urban planning |
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