地面类型和玩具对生长猪应激水平和种属行为的影响

本试验旨在研究地面类型和玩具对生长猪应激水平和舒适行为的影响。选用平均体质量为(26.22±1.17)kg的生长母猪(大白♂×长白♀)432头,随机等分成冷地面、冷地面+玩具、加热地面、加热地面+玩具4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18头猪,1圈为1个重复,试验期为35 d。试验期间,采集血样测定肌酸激酶、血糖浓度以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(N/L);采集唾液测定皮质醇浓度,并对猪的行为进行录像。结果表明:①加热地面与冷地面相比显著降低了血糖(Glu)水平(P=0.02),玩具显著降低了嗜中性粒细胞的数量(P=0.03)和嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(N/L)(P=0.04)。试验前期和后期加热地面上饲养的猪皮质醇浓度显著降低(P0.01,P=0.04)。②加热地面与冷地面相比,显著增加了试验全期猪的舒适行为(P=0.01)、探究行为(P=0.02)和侧卧行为(P0.01)的发生频率。玩具显著增加了猪的舒适行为(P=0.02)和玩耍行为(P=0.04)的发生频率。由本试验得出,加热地面和玩具均可以增加猪种属行为的表达,减少应激,改善其福利。

Effects of Floor Type and Toys on Stress Response and Generic Behaviors in Growing Pigs

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of floor type and toys on stress re-sponse and generic behaviors in growing pigs. Four hundreds and thirty-two White×Landrace fe-male growers with initial weight of (26.22±1.17) kg were randomly allotted into floor type group (no warm floor or warm floor) and toys group (no provided or provided). Every treatment had 6 replications, every replication with 18 pigs and each pen was a replication. Feeding period was 35 days. During the test period, besides collecting blood to determine the creatine kinase, blood glucose concentration, neutrophili/lymphocyte (N/L), and collecting saliva to determine the cortisol concentration, pigs' behavior was recorded. The results showed that blood glucose level was significantly decreased in the warm floor compared with the cold floor (P=0.02). N/L ratio in the pigs provided with toys significantly decreased (P=0.04). The saliva cortisol level of warm floor group was significantly decreased in the former phase and the latter phase of the trial (P<0.01, P=0.04). Warm floor significantly decreased the frequency of comfort behavior (P= 0.01), investigating behavior (P=0.02) and sidelying behavior (P<0.01). Toys significantly increased the frequency of comfort behavior (P=0.02) and disport behavior (P=0.04). In con-clusion, warm floor and toys could increase the expression of generic behaviors, decrease stress and improve animal welfare.