柑橘采后腐烂主要致病菌的分离鉴定及丁香精油对其抑制作用研究

【目的】为了确定浙江宁海本地柑橘优势腐败菌及丁香精油对其的抑菌效果,【方法】从自然腐烂的柑橘上分离优势菌,采用传统真菌形态学鉴定方法结合rDNA-ITS序列分析方法进行鉴定,并采用体外试验研究丁香精油对优势菌的抑菌效果。【结果】结果表明,浙江宁海本地柑橘分离所得6株真菌分别为指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)、柑橘链格孢(Alternaria citri)、枝孢样枝孢霉(Cladosporium cladosporioides)、聚多曲霉〔Aspergillus sydowii)、近玫色锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus)和卡利比克毕赤酵母(Pichia caribbica);其中P.digitatum和C.cladosporioides是优势腐败菌;体外抑菌试验表明,丁香精油对P.digitatum和C.cladosporioides有较好的抑菌效果,抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为2.51 mL·L-1和0.57 mL·L-1;最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为6 mL·L-1和3 mL·L-1。【结论】丁香精油可以抑制柑橘采后主要病原菌的生长。

Isolation and identification of dominant pathogen on citrus fruit and the antifungal effect of clove oil on these fungi

【Objective】Six strains of fungi were isolated from rotten citrus in Ninghai,Zhejiang province.【Method】Based on the traditional morphological identification method and rDNA-Internal transcribed spacer(ITS) analysis,【Result】these strains were identified as Penicillium digitatum,Alternaria citri,Cladosporium cladosporioides,Aspergillus sydowii,Sporidiobolus pararoseus and Pichia caribbica.Especially,P.digitatum and C.cladosporioides were the main fungi,which caused the disease of fruit after harvest.Meanwhile,the antifungal effect of clove oil on those was studied in vitro.Clove oil showed obvious antifungal effect on P.digitatum and C.cladosporioides.The half maximal inhibitory concentration(EC50) were 2.51 mL·L-1 and 0.57 mL·L-1 respectively;the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) were 6 mL·L-1 and 3 mL·L-1 respectively.【Conclusion】The results suggested that clove oil could be used to control the postharvest pathogens on citrus fruit.