乡村居民灾害感知分析

居民灾害感知在一定程度上影响到政府减灾战略的制定和实施。乡村居民的灾害感知是居民灾害感知的重要组成部分，也是新农村建设要考虑的重要因素。采用入户访谈的形式，对宝鸡市陈仓区桥镇4个自然村的居民进行了问卷调查，并对乡村居民灾害感知进行了分析。结果表明：（1）居民主要担心的灾害类型是暴雨和洪水，并且认为类似灾害还有可能发生；（2）居民多采用传统防灾措施应对灾害；（3）灾害信息获取以大众传媒为主，渠道单一；（4）居民灾后寻求帮助的对象多倾向于家人和邻居、基层政府次之，居民灾后寻求帮助的可能性随着社会距离（社会关系的疏远度）的增加呈现衰减趋势；（5）面对灾害，居民愿意采取防范措施。

Analysis on the disasters perception of villagers

[OBJECTIVE] In order to supply a scientific basis for new country construction and government to work out and carry out the disaster alleviation strategy. [METHODS] Adopting questionnaire inquiry and interview with farmers, the perception of village residents to the disasters has been analyzed of 4 natural villages in Qiaozhen, Baoji city. [RESULTS] 76.47% of informants worry about the rainstorm, 55.88% of informants worry about flood disasters, 14.71% of informants could not prepare supplies against natural calamities in ordinary times, and 17.65% of informants seldom pay attention to the disaster forecast information. In aspect of gaining disaster information, 94.12% of informants gain information by TV news or programs, and 55.88% of informants gain information by broadcast or notice of village committee. When the disasters happen 79.41% of informants chose firstly to take refuge at near safe place, and 2.94% of informants wait government＇ s arrangement. After disasters happened, 73.53% of informants would seek help from the families, and 60% would seek help from the ecdemic relatives and the village committee. [CONCLUSIONS] The local residents worry mainly about the rainstorm and flood disasters, and take traditional measures against natural calamities. The channel of gaining information was unitary and mainly the mass medium. The possibility of residents seeking help after disasters takes on attenuation trends with increasing social distance （the alienation of social relations）.