解淀粉芽胞杆菌PHODB35对小麦的促生作用及产量影响

解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PHODB35是一株具有抑菌和促生作用的多功能菌株。为了明确其对小麦的促生作用，通过离体平皿法研究菌株PHODB35发酵液对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，菌株PHODB35发酵液对种子萌发和芽长生长存在不同程度影响，其中高浓度发酵液（10×10⁸和2×10⁸ CFU/mL）对上述指标具有抑制作用，低浓度发酵液（1×10⁸、1×10⁷、2×10⁶和1×10⁶ CFU/mL）对种子萌发不存在显著影响，但促进芽长的生长，其增长幅度为13.48%~20.22%，初步明确了菌株PHODB35适宜的接种浓度为1×10⁸ CFU/mL。温室盆栽试验表明，在该接种浓度处理后小麦的株高、鲜重、干重和基质有效磷含量均有不同程度的增加。同时以该菌株为活性成分研制的有机肥料（浓度为1×10⁸ CFU/g）的盆栽试验结果表明，随着PHODB35有机肥用量的增加，分别提高了基质有效磷和小麦植株全磷含量3.86和3.55倍，其促生作用优于普通有机肥。多地区的田间试验表明，PHODB35有机肥处理（T3）在产量方面高于化学肥料减施处理（T2），增产率5.31%~9.06%。该研究结果为解淀粉芽胞杆菌PHODB35有机肥的进一步产业化开发和应用提供了科学依据。

Growth-promotion Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PHODB35 on Wheat Plant and Yield

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PHODB35 is a multifunctional bacterial strain which has significant control efficiency on diseases and growth-promotion effect on plants. In order to clarify the growth promoting effect of strain PHODB35 on wheat, seed germination and seedling growth treated with fermentation broth of strain PHODB35 were investigated by petri dish method in vitro. The results showed that the fermentation broth of strain PHODB35 had different effects on seed germination and bud length, and the high concentration of fermentation broth at 10×10⁸ and 2×10⁸CFU/mL had inhibitory effects,, respectively. Moreover, there was no significant difference on germination rate at the low concentration of 1×10⁸, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁶ and 1×10⁶ CFU/mL, but promoted the growth of bud growth, by 13.48% to 20.22%, respectively. It was preliminarily cleared that the suitable inoculum concentration of strain PHODB35 was 1×10⁸ CFU/mL. Pot experiment in greenhouse showed that the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight of wheat and available phosphorus content in substrate was increased to some extent under the suitable inoculum concentration of strain PHODB35. At the same time, the organic fertilizer (concentration of 1×10⁸ CFU/g) was developed with the active component of strain PHODB35. Pot experiments showed that the content of available phosphorus in substrate and total phosphorus in wheat were increased by 3.86 times and 3.55 times, respectively, with the increase of application of PHODB35 organic fertilizer. It was concluded that the growth-promoting effect of PHODB35 was better than that of common organic fertilizer. Field experiments in many areas showed that the yield of PHODB35 organic fertilizer (T3) was higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment (T2), with the increase rate of 5.31% to 9.06%. The results provided a scientific basis for further industrial development and application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PHODB35 organic fertilizer.