九种植物精油对黄曲霉抑制作用的比较

为筛选高效抑制黄曲霉的植物精油，采用固体培养和液体培养相结合的方式从黄曲霉生长速率及延滞期、菌体超微结构、黄曲霉毒素B1合成量等方面比较了9种植物精油（川穹、肉桂、大茴香、安息香、丁香、香茅、芫荽、百里香、柠檬草精油）对黄曲霉的抑制效果。结果表明：肉桂精油的抑菌效果最强，对黄曲霉生长和产毒的抑制率达100%，其次为柠檬草、丁香、百里香精油，能使黄曲霉生长的延滞期从(0.02±0.01) d延长至(11.27±0.34)~(12.64±0.08) d，并使生长速率降低了91.43%~97.83%，黄曲霉毒素B1合成量下降了86.74%~88.40%，同时观察到这4种精油对黄曲霉菌丝体和孢子造成严重损伤，引起细胞塌陷收缩，内容物泄漏。说明肉桂、柠檬草、丁香、百里香精油能有效抑制黄曲霉类真菌，可用于食品中黄曲霉类真菌及其毒素的控制。

Comparison of the Inhibitory Effect of Nine Plant Essential Oils on Aspergillus flavus

In order to effectively select essential oils against Aspergillus flavus, the inhibitory effect of nine kinds of plant essential oils (Chuanxiong Hort, Cinnamomum cassia, Illicium verum H., Benzoin, Clove, Cymbopogon citratus, Coriandrum sativum L., Thymus mongolicus R. and Lemon grass) on Aspergillus flavus were compared by testing their growth rate, lag phase, ultrastructure and aflatoxin B1 content. The results showed that the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil had the strongest inhibitory activity and could completely inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production of aflatoxin B1. After which was followed by Lemon grass, Clove and Thyme mongolicus R. essential oil with the delay of the growth of Aspergillus flavus prolonged from(0.02±0.01) d to(11.27±0.34)~(12.64±0.08) d, the growth rate decreased by 91.43%~97.83%, and the synthesis of aflatoxin B1 decreased by 86.74%~88.40%. It also found that the ultrastructure of Aspergillus flavus mycelia and spores were severely damaged with the collapse of cell as well as leakage of the contents. The results indicated that Cinnamomum cassia, Lemon grass, Clove and Thyme mongolicus R. oil had effect on fungi inhibition. Therefore, these plant essential oils could be used on control of fungi and mycotoxins in food industry.