寄生蜂细胞色素P450基因家族进化分析

寄生蜂是重要的天敌昆虫，被广泛应用于生物防治，但在实际生产应用中面临诸多问题，如环境适应性和耐药性问题。细胞色素P450是真核生物中广泛存在的超基因家族酶系，参与农药、植物次生代谢物及环境有害物质等的代谢，同时也参与昆虫体内多种内源性化合物的合成与代谢。本文通过对植食性榕小蜂和9种寄生蜂基因组数据的生物信息学分析，共获得615个P450基因，分析表明不同寄生蜂P450基因家族的差异主要发生在CYP3和CYP4簇，而CYP2和Mito簇相对保守；相较于外寄生蜂，内寄生蜂的P450超基因家族有明显的收缩现象；此外，发现了2个在寄生蜂中1：1：1高度保守的P450基因，CYP18和CYP314，以及茧蜂特有的CYP304基因和内寄生蜂特有的CYP28基因。本研究从基因组水平系统地分析了寄生蜂P450超基因家族的进化，为寄生蜂的遗传改良和规模化饲养等提供理论基础。

Evolution Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Gene Family in Parasitoid Wasps

Parasitoid wasps are important natural enemy insects and are widely used in biological control. However, their applications in pest control face many problems, such as environmental adaptability and insecticide resistance. Cytochrome P450 is a supergene family of enzymes widely found in eukaryotes. It is involved in the metabolism of pesticides, plant secondary metabolites, etc. It is also involved in the synthesis and metabolism of hormones in insects. In this study, total 615 P450 genes were obtained by bioinformatics analysis from the Ceratosolen solmsi and 9 parasitoid wasp genome data. The analysis showed that the variance of P450 gene family in different parasitoid wasps mainly occurred in CYP3 and CYP4 clans, while CYP2 and Mito clans were relatively conserved. In the ectoparasitoids, the P450 supergene family of parasitoid wasps showed significant contraction. In addition, two P450 genes, CYP18 and CYP314, were highly 1:1:1 orthologous conserved in the parasitoid wasp, as well as the Braconidae specific gene CYP304 and the endoparasitoid specific gene CYP28. This study systematically analyzed the evolution of the parasitoid wasp P450 supergene family by comparative genomic analyses, and laid the foundation for the genetic improvement and large-scale breeding of parasitoid wasps in the future.