人工繁育白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的最适温度条件

为明确温度对白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao寄生情况、子代生长发育和繁殖的影响，在室内21、24、27、30和33℃共5个恒温条件下，以麻竖毛天牛Thyestilla gebleri幼虫为寄主，测定了不同温度下白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的寄生率、寄生成功率，产卵前期、卵、幼虫、茧蛹和整个幼期阶段的发育历期、发育速率、子代数量以及性比等生物学参数。结果显示，随着温度的升高，白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对寄主幼虫的寄生率和寄生成功率有所提高，寄生率在30℃时达到最高，为100%，寄生成功率在27℃和30℃均达到最高，为93.33%；当温度超过30℃时，二者均分别下降至73.3%和60%。随着温度升高，子代数量从58头/窝（21℃）显著增多至91.14头/窝（30℃）；当温度高于30℃时，羽化数量开始大幅度下降至52.5/窝（33℃）。在21~33℃范围内，白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的产卵前期随温度升高呈递减趋势；幼虫、茧蛹及整个幼期阶段的发育速率均随着温度的升高而加快，而卵的发育速率在27℃时最快。表明人工繁殖白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的最适温度范围为27~30℃，研究结果为提高该蜂的人工繁育效率以及优化野外释放策略提供了重要依据。

Optimal Temperatures for Artificial Rearing of Parasitoid,Sclerodermus pupariae (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

Temperature effects on parasitism, development and reproduction of Sclerodermus pupariae on larvae of Thyestilla gebleri were examined in terms of parasitism rates, successful parasitism rates, pre-oviposition periods, developmental durations, progeny number, sex ratio of S. pupariae at five constant temperature regimes (21, 24, 27, 30, and 33℃) in the laboratory. The results showed that the parasitism rates and successful parasitism rates increased with the rise of temperatures, the highest parasitism rate of 100% reaching at 30℃ and the highest successful parasitism rate of 93.3% reaching at 27℃ and 30℃, and both reduced to 73.3% and 60% respectively at temperatures over 30℃. The clutch sizes significantly increased from 58.0 at 21℃ to 91.1 at 30℃ and decreased sharply to 52.5 at temperature over 30℃. The pre-oviposition periods were shortened while the developmental rates of larva, pupa and the entire immature stages of S. pupariae increased with the rise of temperature ranging between 21 and 33℃, but the highest developmental rate of egg reached at 27℃. These findings indicate that 27-30℃ is the optimum temperature range for artificial rearing of S. pupariae, which provide important supports for improving the efficiency of mass-rearing programs and optimizing biocontrol agent release strategies.