新质源粳稻不育系花粉败育特点及其潜在杂种优势

 目前，生产上应用的粳稻不育系细胞质遗传背景单一，开发新质源不育系显得尤为重要。花粉败育特点、不育的稳定性以及潜在的强杂种优势是不育系利用的前提条件。在不同温度条件下，调查了14份新质源不育系的花粉败育特点、育性稳定性和杂种优势。结果表明：9份不育系花粉的败育为典败和圆败，败育较彻底，但不能被滇一型或BT型恢复系恢复。另外5份不育系以染败为主均能被滇一型或BT型恢复系恢复，由南34、明恢63和NJ70507提供细胞质的3份不育系败育彻底，然而由D-7提供细胞质的2份不育系在高温下出现极少量的可育花粉。各杂交组合在同一性状上或同一杂交组合在不同性状上表现出的杂种优势有明显的差异。

Pollen Abortive Characters of New Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines and Their Potential Heterosis in Japonica Rice

The exploitation of new cytoplasmic male sterile lines was especially important because the cytoplasm of CMS lines used commercially had narrow genetic background. The pollen abortive characters, sterile stability and the strong potential heterosis are the prerequisites in commercially using a sterile line. Those characters of 14 new sources of cytoplasm male sterile lins under different temperature were examined. The results showed that most pollen granules of 9 out of 14 CMS lines were mainly typical and spherical abortion and the pollen was aborted thoroughly, they could not be restored by restorers of CMS BT or CMS Dian1. Most pollen granules of other 5 CMS lines were mainly stained abortion, and those CMS lines could be restored by restorers of above both types. In which three CMS lines with Nan34, Minghui63, and NJ70507 cytoplasm also were absolutely abortive; however, other two CMS lines with D 7 cytoplasm had very rare fertile pollen under high temperature. The heterosis and heterobeltiosis for each character among combinations was different; also, in each combination for different characters was different.