生物菌剂对玉米秸秆堆沤过程水热状况及酶活性的影响

为解决内蒙古西辽河平原地区还田玉米秸秆腐解困难及腐解周期长等问题，于2020年采用田间秸秆动态堆沤快速腐解试验，分别设置秸秆腐熟剂+秸秆（SRT）、新鲜牛粪+秸秆（SRN）、秸秆腐熟剂+新鲜牛粪+秸秆（SRW）、单一秸秆（CK）4种处理，研究不同外源生物菌剂对堆沤玉米秸秆温度、水分、纤维素酶、脲酶和木质素过氧化氢酶的影响。结果表明，添加秸秆腐熟剂和新鲜牛粪均可提高秸秆腐解速率，并缩短腐解时间。与单一秸秆堆沤相比，添加新鲜牛粪和秸秆腐熟剂均能显著提高堆体秸秆温度和含水率；SRW、SRT和SRN处理纤维素酶活性较CK分别提高15.64%、4.87%和7.96%，脲酶活性分别提高10.29%、3.43%和6.86%，木质素过氧化氢酶活性分别提高71.43%、48.05%和53.25%。因此，添加秸秆腐熟剂和新鲜牛粪可改善堆沤秸秆水热条件和提高秸秆水解酶活性，进而加快秸秆堆沤腐解进程，两者耦合使用效果更佳，可作为一种高效秸秆堆沤方式在内蒙古西辽河平原地区推广应用。

Effects of Biological Agents on Hydrothermal Status and Enzyme Activity During Composting of Corn Straw

In order to solve the problems of difficult decomposition of returning corn straw and long decomposition period in Xiliaohe Plain of Inner Mongolia， the composting experiments of field straw were carried out in 2020. Four treatments were set including straw decomposition agent+straw （SRT）， fresh cow dung+straw （SRN）， straw decomposition agent+fresh cow dung+straw （SRW） and single straw （CK）. The temperature， water content and the activities of cellulase， urease and lignin catalase in different treatments during corn straw composting were determined. The results showed that adding straw decomposition agent and fresh cow dung could improve the decomposition rate of straw and shorten the decomposition time. Compared with single straw composting， the addition of fresh cow dung and straw decomposition agent could significantly improve the temperature and water content of straw composting. Compared with CK， the cellulase activities of SRW， SRT and SRN treatments increased by 15.64%， 4.87% and 7.96%， respectively； the urease activities increased by 10.29%， 3.43% and 6.86%， respectively； and the lignin catalase activities increased by 71.43%， 48.05% and 53.25%， respectively. Therefore， the addition of straw decomposition agent and fresh cow dung could improve the hydrothermal conditions of straw composting and the activity of straw hydrolase， and accelerate the process of straw decomposition. So the coupling effect of straw decomposition agent and fresh cow dung was better， which could be applied as an efficient straw composting method in the Xiliaohe Plain of Inner Mongolia.