不同竹龄和部位对毛竹纤维形态及结晶度的影响

  目的  研究竹龄与部位对毛竹Phyllostachys edulis纤维形态及结晶度的影响，为实现毛竹在制浆造纸、竹纺织品等工业生产中的高效选材利用提供基础数据。  方法  采用纤维离析法，借助普通光学显微镜，测定纤维形态；通过Segal法计算相对结晶度。  结果  竹龄主要影响竹材的纤维长度，纤维长度随竹龄的增长而增大，且80%的纤维长度为1 000~2 500 μm，属长纤维。轴向高度对毛竹材纤维形态的影响较小，纤维壁腔比、长宽比在3个取样部位间差异显著(P＜0.05)，但未有明显变化规律；轴向上，不同位置纤维长度未见显著差异。径向纤维长度从大到小依次为竹肉、近竹青、近竹黄；结晶度与竹龄无明显关系，径向上由近竹黄到近竹青呈现递增趋势。在影响竹材纤维形态的因子中，竹龄贡献率最大，影响最为明显。  结论  毛竹纤维形态受竹龄影响最大，受径向取样部位影响明显，轴向高度影响较小，所有部位纤维可用于工业生产，建议将竹龄作为原材料筛选的优先指标。图6表6参22

Effects of different ages and positions on fiber morphology and crystallinity of Phyllostachys edulis

  Objective  This study, with an investigation of the influence of bamboo age and position on the morphology and crystallinity of Phyllostachys edulis fiber, is aimed to provide basic data for the the reasonable selection and efficient utilization of Ph. edulis in the production of pulp, paper, bamboo textile and other industrial products.   Method  With fiber segregation method and common optical microscope measurement method employed, the fiber morphology was determined whereas the relative crystallinity was calculated by Segal method.   Result  Bamboo age was postively correlated with the fiber length of bamboo, 80% of which was between 1 000 and 2 500 μm, belonging with long fiber. The shape of bamboo fiber was less affected by the axial height of bamboo, and the fiber wall cavity ratio and length width ratio had significant differences among the three sampling positions (P＜0.05), but there was no obvious change rule, and the fiber length had no significant difference. In radial direction, the fiber length displayed a significant change rule, which was generally reflected as bamboo medium＞bamboo green＞bamboo yellow. There was no significant relationship between crystallinity and bamboo age, and there was an increasing trend from near yellow to near green in radial direction. Among the factors affecting bamboo fiber morphology, bamboo age had the largest contribution rate and the most obvious influence.   Conclusion  The fiber morphology of Ph. edulis was most affected by the bamboo age, significantly affected by the radial sampling position, and less affected by the axial height. All samples could be used in industrial production, and it is recommended to take the bamboo age as the priority index for raw material screening. Ch, 6 fig. 6 tab. 22 ref.]