甘肃天然草地毒草危害、防控与综合利用

甘肃拥有天然草地1564.83万hm~2,位列全国第6位。长期以来,由于受干旱、鼠虫害和超载放牧等因素影响,天然草地退化严重,并伴随大量毒草滋生和蔓延,导致大批牲畜中毒,给畜牧业带来严重经济损失。甘肃天然草地常见毒草有78科187属312种,主要毒草有:瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)、甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis)、黄花棘豆(O.ochrocephala)、小花棘豆(O.glabra)、变异黄芪(Astragalus variabilis)、醉马芨芨草(Achnatherum inebrians)、橐吾(Ligularia sibirica)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)、马先蒿(Pedicularis resupinata)及栎属(Quercus L.)植物等。本文结合课题组对甘肃天然草地毒草资料整理及实际调查分析,分别就近年来甘肃天然草地毒草对区域草地生态及畜牧业生产造成的毒草灾害、地理分布、毒草种类、防控对策及合理利用进行综述。

Harm,Control and Comprehensive Utilization of Poisonous Weeds in Natural Grasslands of Gansu Province

Area of natural grassland of Gansu province is 15.6483 million hm2,ranked sixth in China.Due to drought,insect pests,overload grazing and other factors,it has degenerated seriously.The poisonous weeds have infested the grassland and spread widely,resulting in a large number of livestock poisoning and serious economic losses for the livestock industry.Common poisonous plants in Gansu natural grassland contains 78 families,187 genera and 312 species.Among them,the Stellera chamaejasme,Oxytropis kansuensis,O.ochrocephala,O.glabra,Astragalus variabilis,Achnatherurn inebrians,Ligularia sibirica,Sophora alopecuroides,Pedicularis resupinata and Quercus are the main poisonous weeds.This paper combined the current available data with own investigation by field research.We summarized the situation about poisonous weeds,such as the damage of grassland ecology and pastoral livestock production,geographical distribution,species,prevention and control measures and reasonable utilization individually.