南平市植烟土壤氮、磷、钾养分状况与演变趋势

为更好地了解南平烟区植烟土壤主要养分状况及其演变趋势，指导烟区土壤保育和烤烟平衡施肥提供依据。利用南平市植烟土壤普查资料，分析土壤氮、磷、钾养分状况与演变趋势，结果表明：土壤全氮、磷、钾平均分别为(1.61±0.47) g/kg、(0.57±0.31) g/kg、(16.34±6.31) g/kg，碱解氮和速效磷、钾平均分别为(146.05±38.76) mg/kg、(28.80±26.11) mg/kg、(90.02±52.12) mg/kg；土壤磷、钾属强变异，氮素属中等变异。土壤碱解氮含量与质地、有机质和全氮含量之间，速效磷含量与pH和全磷含量之间，速效钾含量与pH、质地、有机质、全钾和缓效钾含量之间均呈极显著正相关。土壤供氮和供钾能力均呈降低趋势，而供磷能力则呈增加趋势，且均表现出长期连续种烟的老烟区更加突出。从土壤保育和优质烟叶生产角度，南平烤烟生产应施用白云石粉等提高土壤pH，增施有机肥和钾肥，控制烤烟当季施氮量，总体应减少磷肥施用量，但土壤速效磷＜10 mg/kg的烟区仍需重视施用磷肥。

Dynamic Variations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Nanping Tobacco-Growing Soil

In order to better realize the status and its dynamic variations of principal nutrition in Nanping tobacco-growing soil,and to provide the basis for soil conservation and tobacco balanced fertilization.The status and variations of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were analyzed based on the data of the soil survey of Nanping tobacco-planting area.The results showed that the average content of total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Nanping tobacco-growing soil were （1.61±0.47） g/kg,（0.57±0.31） g/kg,and （16.34±6.31） g/kg respectively,the average content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium were （146.05±38.76）mg/kg,（28.80±26.11）mg/kg,and （90.02±52.12）mg/kg respectively.The variation of the soil phosphorus and potassium was great;the variation of nitrogen was medium.There were positive correlations between the soil alkali-hydradyzble nitrogen content and the texture,the organic matter and the nitrogen content,the available phosphorus,pH and the total phosphorus content.The content of available potassium had extremely significant positive correlations with pH,texture,organic matter,total potassium and the content of slow-release potassium.The nitrogen and potassium supply of soil showed a lower tendency,but t he phosphorus supply of soil showed a higher tendency,especially for the old tobacco-growing areas which were long-term continuous tobacco-planting.Considering the soil conservation and quality tobacco production,the flue-cured tobacco production in Nanping should apply dolomite to increase the pH of soil,apply more organic matter and K fertilizer,control the content of nitrogen at current season,and reduce phosphate fertilizer generally,but the phosphate fertilizer application shall be regarded when the content of the available phosphorus was less than 10mg/kg.