风化煤活化及活化产物的生物效应研究

通过湿法反应，研究了活化剂用量、反应条件对风化煤水溶性腐植酸和游离腐植酸含量的影响，并通过盆栽试验研究了由风化煤活化产物和氮磷钾肥制成的有机-无机复混肥在小麦、玉米上的生物效应。结果表明：水溶性腐植酸含量以及活化率（水溶性腐植酸占游离腐植酸的百分比）随活化剂用量的增加而增加；水溶性腐植酸含量在物料比（活化剂占风化煤的百分比）≥15％时随反应时间的延长而增加，〈15％时则相反；提高活化剂与风化煤的反应温度能够增加水溶性腐植酸含量。在本试验条件下，综合考虑水溶性腐植酸含量、成本和产能，最佳物料比为10％，最佳反应温度为105~C，最佳反应时间为24h。与施用等养分的非活化型风化煤有机一无机复混肥和化肥相比，活化型可使小麦籽粒产量分别增加19．1％、28．3％，生物量增加16．8％、27．0％；玉米籽粒产量分别增加13．5％、20．4％，生物量分别增加12．9％、22．7％。

Study on Activation of Decomposed Coal and Biological Effect of Its Products

The effects of activating agent rate and reaction conditions on contents o1 water - soluble and free humic acid were studied by wet process reaction. In addition, the biological effect of compounded fertiliz- er made from the activation products of decomposed coal and N - P - K chemical fertilizer on wheat and maize was studied by a pot experiment. The results showed that the content of water - soluble humic acid and activa- tion ratio （ percentage of water - soluble humic acid in free humic acid） increased with the increase of activa- ting agent rate. The Content of water - soluble humic acid increased with the extension of reaction time when the material ratio （ percentage of activating agent rate in composed coal） was over 15%, while that was reverse when lower than 15%. The content of water - soluble humic acid could be increased with the raising of reac- tion temperature. Under the conditions of this experiment, the best materiel ratio was 10%, the best reaction temperature was 105%, and the best reaction time was 24 h. Compared to the not - activated compound fertil- izer and NPK chemical fertilizer with equal nutrition rate, the wheat yield by 19.1% and 28.3% , the wheat biomass the activated compounded fertilizer could increase by 16.8% and 27.0%, the maize yield by 13.5%and 20.4%, and the maize biomass by 12.9% and 22.7% , respectively.