喀斯特深水型湖泊网箱养殖对水体细菌群落结构的影响--以万峰湖为例

贵州省万峰湖（104.5°E至105.1°E，24.7°N至24.9°N）分别于网箱上游1000m处（对照点）以及网箱内、网箱下游200m、400m、600m、800m处设置采样点，每个采样点均采集表层、中层（25m）、底层（50m）水体水样。 利用高通量测序技术研究了水样中 细菌群落多样性，以探究网箱养殖对喀斯特深水型湖泊水体细菌多样性的影响。结果显示：18个水样中共鉴定出细菌门类38个，微生物细菌属699个，其中Flavobacterium（黄杆菌属）和Pseudomonas（假单胞菌属）是万峰湖水体中优势菌属，然网箱底层水体中分布有Lactobacillus（乳杆菌属）、Barnesiella、Shewanella（希瓦氏菌属）、Sphingomonas（鞘氨醇单胞菌）、Shewanella、Sphingomonas等特异性优势菌属。对不同采样点细菌多样性分析表明：万峰湖水体与网箱的水平距离是影响细菌群落结构的关键，影响范围在800m以内。网箱养殖造成了底层水体大量特异性细菌种属的产生。pH、总磷和COD是影响网箱水体细菌群落的关键因子。本研究结果可为湖泊渔业养殖可持续性发展和湖泊生态环境保护提供参考。

Community Structure Effects on Water Bacteria of Cage Culture in Karst Deep Water Lake: Wanfeng Lake as a Case

In June 2019, Water samples collected from net cage, which located in Karst deep-water lake Wanfeng Lake (104.5°E to 105.1°E, 24.7°N to 24.9°N) in Guizhou Province, as well as downstream of the cages at 200m, 400m, 600m, and 800m in Wanfeng Lake. The surface, middle (25m), and bottom (50 m) water bodies were collected. The bacterial communities and diversity of the water samples were investigated by high-throughput sequencing technology. Water samples from 1000m upstream of the cage were collected as contrast in order to explore the impact of cage culture on the bacterial diversity in Karst deep-water lakes. There were 38 bacteria and 699 genera identified from 18 samples. Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were dominant bacteria in Wanfeng Lake, with dominant bacteria Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Shewanella and Sphingomonas underlying water of net box. The analysis of bacteria community diversity from different samples revealed that the key influence of bacterial community structure was the horizontal distance to the net cages, and the range of within 800 meters. Cage culture led to increase in the diversity of bacterial communities in underlying water significantly, resulting in lots special bacteria special bacterial species existence. PH, total phosphorus and COD were of the key environmental terms of water bacteria community. The findings provide theoretical basis for sustainable development of lake fishery breeding, playing an important significance in lake ecological environment protection.