玉曲河流域裂腹鱼类游泳能力研究及其在过鱼设施设计中的应用

为探究玉曲河流域裂腹鱼类的游泳能力，给过鱼设施建设和鱼类游泳行为学提供基础参数，本研究以该流域优势物种怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensis)、贡山裂腹鱼(S. gongshanensis)为研究对象，在野外现场采用游泳能力测试水槽对裂腹鱼的感应流速、临界游泳速度、突进游泳速度及持续游泳速度、耐久游泳速度进行测定。测试结果表明：怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼的绝对感应流速相近，分别为0.18±0.01 m/s、0.18±0.06 m/s。怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼的绝对临界游泳速度分别为1.05±0.12 m/s、1.11±0.14 m/s，绝对突进游泳速度分别为1.45±0.26 m/s、1.40±0.21 m/s。二者的相对临界游泳速度分别为8.47±0.95 BL/s、9.21±2.45 BL/s，相对突进游泳速度均突破了十倍体长，分别为11.90±2.31 BL/s、10.80±3.16 BL/s。测得的怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼最大持续游泳速度均为0.63 m/s，怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼最大耐久游泳速度分别为0.93 m/s、0.73 m/s。当以怒江裂腹鱼、贡山裂腹鱼为主要过鱼对象时，建议鱼道入口及竖缝处流速1.05～1.40 m/s，过鱼设施内部的整体平均流速设计范围为0.24～1.05 m/s，以及休息池主流流速为0.18～1.05 m/s。本研究结果可为西藏玉曲河流域过鱼设施的设计提供参考，对该流域的鱼类资源保护具有重要意义。

Study on the swimming ability of Schizothorax inYuqu River Basin and its application in the design of fish passage facilities

To investigate the swimming capability of Schizothorax in Yuqu river basin and provide basic parameters for the studies on fish behavior and construction of fishway. In this study, the dominant species Schizothorax nukiangensis and S. gongshanensis were studied,and we tested their induced flow velocity, critical swimming speed, burst swimming speed, continuous swimming speed and durable swimming speed of Schizothorax by swimming ability test tank in the field. The test results show that: the absolute induced velocity of S.nukiangensis and S. gongshanensis was similar,0.18 ± 0.01 m/s and 0.18 ± 0.06 m/s, respectively. The absolute critical swimming speeds of S. nukiangensis and S. gongshanensis were 1.05±0.12 m/s and 1.11±0.14 m/s, respectively, and the absolute burst swimming speeds were 1.45±0.26 m/s and 1.40±0.21 m/s, respectively. Their relative critical swimming speeds were 8.47 ±0.95 BL/s and 9.21±2.45 BL/s, respectively, and their relative burst swimming speeds were 11.90±2.31 BL/s and 10.80±3.16 BL/s, respectively. The measured maximum sustained swimming speeds of S. nukiangensis and S. gongshanensis were both 0.63 m/s, and the maximum prolonged swimming speeds of S. nukiangensis and S. gongshanensis were 0.93 m/s and 0.73 m/s, respectively.The fishway targeting S. nukiangensis and S. gongshanensis was recommended to the velocity at the entrance and verticle slot should be 1.05～1.40 m/s,the design range of the overall average velocity inside the fish passage structure is 0.24～1.05 m/s, and the main-flow velocity in rest pools should be 0.18～1.05 m/s. The results of this study can provide reference for the the design of fish passing facilities in Yuqu river basin, Tibet, and is of great significance for the protection of fish resources in this basin.