广东惠东海龟国家级自然保护区动物多样性调查

了解广东惠东海龟国家级自然保护区动物资源现状，可为保护区建设规划及生态系统维护提供理论参考。采用样线法、红外相机法、市场调查法、悬网捕捞法系统调查了区内的动物种类，分析了多样性指数以及绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)与其他物种的关系。结果表明，调查共记录动物116种，其中无脊椎动物55种，包括浮游动物13种、软体动物25种、节肢动物16种；脊椎动物61种，包括鱼类43种、两栖动物1种、爬行动物2种、鸟类12种、兽类3种。保护区内有国家 级重点保护野生动物1种、 级重点保护野生动物4种、“三有”名录物种11种、《IUCN物种红色名录》濒危物种3种、易危物种3种、近危物种3种。保护区Simpson优势度指数为0.96，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.75，Pielou均匀度指数为0.78；本底动物物种资源丰富，各物种分布较为均匀，群落多样性高，动物资源中既包括了绿海龟的食物来源，也存在绿海龟的天敌；在绿海龟濒危的背景下，制定基于物种多样性的海龟保护管理策略成为当务之急。

Investigation of Animal Diversity in Huidong Gangkou Sea Turtle National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic statistics on animal resources in the Huidong Gangkou Sea Turtle National Nature Reserve. In this study, we investigated animal diversity in the reserve, aiming to understand the current condition of animal resources and provide a baseline for con-struction planning and ecosystem maintenance of the protected area. From January 2021 to July 2022, an animal investigation was conducted in the area using line-intercept, camera traps, market surveys and sus-pended net fishing. A total of 116 animal species were recorded, including 55 invertebrates and 61 verte-brates. The invertebrates included 13 zooplankton species, 25 mollusks and 16 arthropods, and the verte-brates included 43 fish species, 1 amphibian, 2 reptiles, 12 birds and 3 mammals. Also in the investigated area, there was a single national level I key protected wild animal, four national level II key protected wild animals, 11 animal species listed in the national protected terrestrial wildlife with important ecologi-cal, economic and scientific values, three endangered species, three vulnerable species, and three near-threatened species from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The Simpson dominance, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness indices of animals in the reserve were 0.96, 3.75 and 0.78, respec-tively, indicating that the distribution of the animal species was even and community diversity high in the reserve. The rich animal species resources in the Huidong Gangkou Sea Turtle National Nature Reserve have maintained the ecological balance of the nature reserve, which not only provided sufficient food for the green turtles (Chelonia mydas), but also included the predators of the green turtles. However, against a background of the endangered green turtle, it is urgent to formulate a turtle protection and management strategy based on biodiversity.