三叶柄翅缨小蜂属(Lymaenon Walker)一雌雄同体新种记述（膜翅目：小蜂总科）

昆虫在生长发育过程中常出现雌雄同体现象，但目前缨小蜂科暂无此类记载，本研究报道了采集自新疆高海拔地区——阿尔金山国家级自然保护区——的三叶柄翅缨小蜂属（Lymaenon Walker）一新种，根据采集地点命名为阿尔金山三叶柄翅缨小蜂（Lymaenon altun Li&Hu,sp.nov.），并对该种进行记述，附形态特征图。鉴别特征为：体黄褐色，齿端部淡红色；中单眼大；唇基中央具凸起；第四索节明显短；中胸盾片和小盾片具鳞片状刻纹；前翅长宽比小于3；后翅翅脉端部具2列纤毛。同时提供新种的ITS2和28S rDNA序列，为三叶柄翅缨小蜂属的分类鉴定提供分子数据。基于28S rDNA片段对新种及采自新疆高海拔地区三叶柄翅缨小蜂属的4种11条序列进行系统进化树分析，分子水平上新种与海滨三叶柄翅缨小蜂（Lymaenon litoralis）亲缘关系较近，基于气候环境因素初步探讨该个体雌雄同体现象的可能成因。

Description of a New Hermaphrodite Species of Lymaenon Walker (Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea)

Insects often exhibit hermaphroditic phenomenon during their growth and development.however,no such occurrence has been documented in Mymaridae.This paper presents a new species of genus Lymaenon Walker, named as Lymaenon altun Li&Hu,sp.nov,collected from the alpine region of Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve.The morphological characteristics of the hermaphrodite were described in detail.The photographs of the type specimen were also provided.Distinguished features included a body coloration of yellowish-brown with light red toothed ends,large medium ocelli,a produced margin in the middle part of the clypeus,and an obviously short fourth funicle segment of the antennae.The mesoscutum and scutellum exhibit scaly sculpture.The forewing is less than 3 times as long as it is broad.The end of the hind wing vein has 2 rows of cilia.At the same time, ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences of the new species were acquired and deposited in NCBI database,These molecular data contribute to the classification and identification of the genus.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis,conducted on the basis of the 28S rDNA gene fragment from the new species and 11 sequences of 4 Lymaenon species collected from Xinjiang alpine area,show that the new species is closely related to Lymaenon litoralis.The possible causes of the gynandromorph were discussed with reference to climate and environmental factors.