温度对越夏代日本松干蚧发育和扩散的影响

日本松干蚧是为害松树的外来入侵害虫,一年发生两代即越冬代和越夏代,目前在东北地区逐渐向北扩散蔓延.随着地理纬度升高,夏季热量条件能否满足越夏代日本松干蚧的生长发育并产下健康的卵是其进一步为害和扩散的基础.本文通过温度控制进行了10、15、20和25℃共4个温度梯度的模拟试验,同时,对日本松干蚧的高温耐受能力进行测试.结果表明：25℃条件下日本松干蚧发育最快,20℃时生长发育进度与当地野外条件下相当,15℃时发育较缓慢,10℃条件下日本松干蚧卵孵化迟缓,无法完成正常发育并繁殖下一代,故10℃可以作为阻止日本松干蚧北扩的下限温度,根据这一指标,越夏代日本松干蚧可以继续向北扩散至黑龙江所有区域.耐高温测试结果表明,持续生活在东北地区的日本松干蚧耐高温能力仍很强,若传到南方高温区域仍可继续生存扩散.研究结果可为探究东北地区越夏代日本松干蚧适宜生存范围提供依据.

Impacts of Temperature on Growth and Diffusion of Over-summering Generation Matsucoccus matsumurae

Matsucoccus matsumurae is the external invasive pest endangering the pine tree,which occurred as overwintering generation and over-summering generation annual.It is currently broken out with harm and presents the trend of spreading to north in Northeast China.With the latitude increasing,the summer heat condition meet its growth and development is becoming the foundation of its further harm and diffusion.To explore the lower limit of Matsucoccus matsumurae suitable temperature in Northeast China and figure out the range of its northward diffusion,a simulation experiment of four temperature gradients was conducted,meanwhile,its ability to resistance against high temperature was also tested.The results showed that Matsucoccus matsumurae grew with the fastest rate at 25℃,with the rate equivalent to that in the nature at 20℃,and a slow rate at 15℃.Matsucoccus matsumurae eggs hatched fairly slowly at 10℃,which impeded their normal growth and adult breeding.In conclusion,10℃ could be regarded as the low limit of temperature prohibiting northward diffusion of Matsucoccus matsumurae.In light of this temperature index,the summer climate of Northeast China was livable for over-summering Matsucoccus matsumurae which might disperse northward further to the entire Heilongjiang province.High temperature tests revealed that Matsucoccus matsumurae inhabiting in Northeast China for long was highly resistant against high temperature and thus tends to survive and spread as before if they migrated to high-temperature areas in South China.The results provided a theoretical foundation for exploring the lower temperature of suitable survival of the over-summering generation of Matsucoccus matsumurae so that obtaining its diffusion areas northward and understanding its high temperature tolerance in Northeast China.