枇杷种质资源坐果的遗传多样性及其相关分析

对国家果树种质福州枇杷资源圃内239份枇杷种质的坐果进行了鉴定评价，结果显示，枇杷种质资源坐果存在丰富的遗传多样性，不同种质类型的枇杷坐果遗传多样性较大，野生枇杷种质坐果达29．5个，大于其他枇杷种质类型，不同国家间枇杷种质坐果遗传多样性不大，但中国13个省（区）间遗传多样性较为丰富，源自云南的种质坐果46．1个，源自台湾的种质坐果仅为9．2个。枇杷种质坐果分布广，种质问差异大，坐果最高的为63．8个，最低的仅为3．8个，平均15．1个，以坐果在6～15个的枇杷种质最多，达150份，占62．8％：高于33个的枇杷种质11份；低于6个的有5份。根据综合分析结果，初步提出了枇杷种质坐果的分级标准。为了解枇杷种质坐果的影响因素，对6个质量性状因子各自不同水平下坐果的差异进行统计分析，结果表明野生枇杷与地方品种、选育品种和野生近缘种的坐果有极显著差异；枇杷种质不同果实排列紧密度间的坐果以及源自云南的枇杷种质与其他省（区）枇杷的坐果均有极显著差异；6个国家（中国、日本、西班牙、新西兰、美国和南非）间、不同果实着生姿态间和果肉颜色间的枇杷种质坐果的差异均不显著。对9个数量性状因子与坐果的相关分析表明，果穗长度和花序支轴数对枇杷种质坐果有极显著影响；花冠直径和侧枝数对坐果有显著影响；其他性状（叶片宽度、总叶片数、叶片长度、中心枝长度和中心枝粗度）对坐果没有影响。本文为枇杷种质资源的坐果生物学研究提供了理论依据。

Analysis on the Diversity and Correlation of Fruit Bearing in Loquat Germplasm Resources

The fruit bearing of 239 loquat germplasm resources in Loquat Resource Nurseries of Fuzhou National Fruit Gene-pool were studied and the influential factors on fruit bearing were investigated. The results indicated that there was abundant diversity among them. Fruit bearing in different germplasm types had great diversity, such as fruit bearing number in wild loquat germplasm was 29.5, extremely higher than other germplasm types; fruit bearing number in different provinces (districts) had great difference a...