基于FMEA的生鲜猪肉冷链物流质量安全控制研究

生鲜猪肉冷链物流具有运作环节多、过程复杂、风险较高等特点,为规范质量管理,降低流程风险,应用故障模式和影响分析(Failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)方法对生鲜猪肉冷链物流过程进行风险评估。以某生猪屠宰加工企业为例,对生鲜猪肉的屠宰、预冷、冷藏、分割与包装、运输、销售6个冷链环节进行风险分析,识别12个故障模式。依据风险评价准则,由专家小组评价每个失效模式的严重度、发生度和检测度等级,量化风险顺序数。根据风险等级分类,确定高风险故障模式5个、中度风险故障模式4个、低风险故障模式3个,明确各故障模式改进的先后顺序,从而有针对性地制定风险改善措施并实施。基于FMEA,从系统的角度对生鲜猪肉冷链物流进行全面的风险管理,可以有效预防风险,为构建生鲜猪肉安全供应保障体系提供理论依据。

Study on Quality and Safety Control of Fresh Pork Cold Chain Logistics Based on FMEA

Fresh pork cold chain logistics has the characteristics of multiple operation links, complex processes and high risks. In this study, Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method was applied to evaluate the risk of fresh pork cold chain logistics process, in order to standardize quality management and reduce process risks. Taking a pig slaughtering and processing enterprise as an example, the risk analysis of six cold chain links including slaughtering, precooling, refrigeration, segmentation and packaging, transportation and sales of fresh pork was carried out to identify 12 failure modes. The severity, occurrence and detection levels of each failure mode were evaluated by the expert group, and the risk sequence numbers were quantified according to the risk evaluation criteria. According to the classification of risk levels, 5 high risk failure modes, 4 medium risk failure modes and 3 low risk failure modes were determined, and the improvement sequence of each fault mode was clarified, so as to formulate risk improvement measures and implement them in a targeted way. The comprehensive risk management of fresh pork cold chain logistics based on FMEA from a systematic perspective could effectively prevent risks and provide a theoretical basis for the construction of fresh pork safety supply guarantee system.