不同季秸秆还田对冬小麦干物质积累分配及氮素利用率的影响

为了解不同季秸秆还田对小麦产量形成和氮素利用的效果，以安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土麦区主栽小麦品种烟农19为供试材料，设置W0M0(小麦、玉米双季秸秆均不还田)、W0M1(小麦秸秆不还田，玉米秸秆还田)、W1M1(小麦、玉米双季秸秆还田)和W1M0(小麦秸秆还田，玉米秸秆不还田)4个处理，比较分析了不同季秸秆还田对冬小麦干物质积累分配及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明：(1)与W0M0处理相比，秸秆还田处理(W0M1、W1M1和W1M0)的冬小麦开花期和成熟期干物质积累量分别增加了7.9%～25.4%和17.0%～33.3%,花前干物质转运效率提高了4.5～9.7个百分点，花前干物质对籽粒产量贡献率增加了10.8～18.5个百分点；(2)秸秆还田处理可增加冬小麦产量4.3%～12.7%,且W1M0处理增产效果最显著；(3)W0M1和W1M0处理均能提高冬小麦氮素利用效率和氮肥生产效率。总体而言，单季小麦秸秆还田有利于实现淮北平原砂姜黑土区冬小麦高产与氮高效。

Effects of Straw Returning in Different Seasons on Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

In order to understand the effects of straw returning in different seasons on wheat yield formation and nitrogen utilization,a main wheat variety Yannong 19 was used as experimental material in the black wheat soil of the Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province. Four treatments were conducted:W0M0(straw of neither wheat nor maize returned to the field),W0M1(straw of maize only returned to the field),W1M1(straw of both wheat and maize returned to the field) and W1M0(straw of wheat only returned to the field).The effects of straw returning in different seasons on dry matter accumulation,distribution and nitrogen utilization efficiency of winter wheat were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with W0M0 treatment,the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat treated with straw returning in different seasons(W0M1,W1M1 and W1M0) at flowering and maturity was increased by 7.9%-25.4% and 17.0%-33.3%,respectively; the dry matter transport efficiency before anthesis was increased by 4.5-9.7 percentage points,and the contribution rate of dry matter before anthesis to grain was increased by 10.8-18.5 percentage points. Straw returning in different seasons increased the yield of winter wheat by 4.3%-12.7%,and the effect of W1M0 was most significant. W1M0 and W0M1 improved the nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency of winter wheat. In general,straw returning in single season is conducive to the realization of high yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat in Huaibei plain.