河湖水生态系统服务价值核算研究及应用展望

科学有效地界定河湖水生态系统服务价值评估体系与评估指标，可以促进河湖水生态的可持续发展、合理制定水资源价格、为河湖水生态系统服务价值评估提供参考，同时也为河湖水资源纳入国民经济核算体系提供借鉴，为绿色经济核算提供有力的依据。从河湖水生态系统服务功能、评估体系和评估方法等方面总结了国内外研究进展，分析了现有河湖水生态系统服务体系和评估方法的优缺点。对河湖水生态系统服务评估体系进行了优化，优化后的评估体系包括供给服务、调节服务、文化服务和支持服务4大类以及水资源供给、水质净化、科研教育和固碳能力等19项指标，优化了水资源供给、提供水产品、水质净化、防洪减灾、休闲娱乐、生物多样性保护等6个指标的评估方法。对河湖水生态系统服务价值核算在生态文明建设考核、生态产品价值实现机制、自然资源资产审计以及新时期河湖长制考核实施方面的应用进行了展望。下一步要制订GEP核算技术标准，建设市场化、多元化的生态产品交易体系，将水资源开发、利用及保护情况、水资源管理生态环境效益等指标纳入审计范围，建立以水生态系统为整体、以维护河湖生态系统健康为总目标、以定量评判和可操作性为抓手的新的河湖长制考核体系。

Research and Prospect of River and Lake Water Ecosystem Service Value Evaluation

Effective definitions of ecosystem service values and water quality indices for rivers and lakes promote the sustainable development of aquatic ecosystems and allow rational pricing of water resources. It would also provide a reference for the value of river and lake water resources in the national economic accounting system and provide a basis for green economic accounting. In this paper, we summarized current research on river and lake ecosystem services, evaluation index systems and evaluation methods, and included the advantages and disadvantages of the current evaluation systems and methods. We then optimized the river and lake water ecosystem service valuation system, including 19 indices from four service categories: supply, regulation, culture and support. Methods for calculating the values of six indices were also optimized, including water resource supply, aquatic product supply, water quality purification, flood control and disaster reduction, recreation, and biodiversity protection. Next, we incorporated the accounting system for river and lake ecosystem service values into the assessment of ecological civilization construction, the implementation of ecological product value realization mechanism, and the audit of natural resource assets and the assessment of river and lake systems for the new era of green accounting. Future work should focus on formulating gross ecosystem product (GEP) technical accounting standards, building a marketized and diversified trading system for ecological products that includes the development, utilization and protection of water resources and the ecological benefits of water resource management. A new assessment system for rivers and lakes should be established for aquatic ecosystems as a whole, with the health of river and lake ecosystems as the overall goal, and quantitative evaluation and operability as the focus.