水果中农药残留的表面增强拉曼光谱技术快速检测研究

为了建立水果中农药残留的快速检测方法，通过过氧化氢和浓硫酸处理制备疏水化的硅片基底，采用静电吸附法将金纳米粒子组装到硅片基底表面，形成硅片/金纳米粒子复合基底，将水果中残留的福美双、百草枯和啶虫脒等3种农药经抽提后滴加到复合基底上，采用表面增强拉曼光谱技术进行检测。结果表明，福美双、百草枯和啶虫脒的方法线性范围分别为0.20～2.00、0.05～0.50、0.20～2.00 mg/kg，最低检测浓度分别为0.20、0.05、0.20 mg/kg。该方法应用于苹果、橘子和梨等水果的农药残留量分析，回收率在94.5%～120.0%之间，相对标准偏差均在15%以下。该方法具有较高的准确度和精确度，适用于水果农药残留的快速检测。

Rapid Detection of Pesticide Residues in Fruits by Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Objective] To establish a rapid method for the detection of pesticide residues in fruits by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Methods] Hydrophobic silicon substrate was treated with hydrogen peroxide and concentrated sulfuric acid, and gold nanoparticles were self-assembled on the surface of silicon substrate by the electrostatic attraction way to form a composite substrate of silicon/gold nanoparticles. The residues of thiram, paraquat and acetamiprid in fruits were extracted and then dropped onto the composite substrate, detected by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy was followed. Results] The linear ranges of the present method for thiram, paraquat and acetamiprid were 0.20~2.0, 0.05~0.50 and 0.20~2.0 mg/kg and their minimum detection concentrations were 0.20, 0.05 and 0.20 mg/kg, respectively. While applied in the analysis of thiram, paraquat and acetamiprid in apple, orange and pear, the recoveries were ranged of 94.5%~120%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. Conclusion] The present method is highly accurate and reliable, which is suitable for the rapid detection of pesticide residues in different fruits.