基于知识图谱分析的土壤氮循环功能基因研究进展

土壤氮循环功能基因广泛地参与包括固氮、氨化以及硝化和反硝化作用等一系列生态过程，是氮素生物地球化学循环的关键组成部分，在很大程度上影响土壤生产力、全球环境变化以及碳中和可持续发展。近几十年来，分子生物学和微生态学技术的快速发展极大地促进了与土壤氮循环密切相关的功能基因以及其功能微生物群落特征等方面的研究。本研究利用检索自Web of Science数据库中2001—2020年期间土壤氮循环功能基因相关文献，结合R语言科学知识图谱分析方法，从发文量、高被引论文、高频关键词及历史直接引文等方面对土壤氮循环功能基因研究现状进行了系统分析，并总结了土壤氮循环功能基因领域的研究动态、热点和发展趋势。结果表明：1）应用分子生物学技术挖掘土壤氮循环相关微生物功能基因及群落结构探索土壤氮循环的微生物学机制，是当前土壤氮循环研究领域的热点及切入点。2）土壤氮循环功能基因研究主要集中于3个方面：(1)利用宏基因组学等技术对土壤氮循环相关的功能基因进行筛选、识别和注释，从而发现新的微生物功能基因序列、更新引物数据库等；(2)环境因子及管理措施对土壤氮循环相关微生物指标的影响；(3)利用功能基因丰度表征土壤氮...

Progress of Functional Genes Related to Soil Nitrogen Cycling Based on Knowledge Mapping

Functional genes related to soil nitrogen (N) cycling are widely involved in a series of ecological processes, including N fixation, ammonification, nitrification and denitrification, and are key components of the N biogeochemical cycling, which greatly affects soil productivity, carbon neutralization, and agricultural sustainable development, as well as global environmental changes. In recent decades, the rapid development of molecular and microecology technology has promoted the research about functional genes related to soil N cycle and their microbial functional communities. In order to objectively and analyze the research trends, hotspots, and historical trends in the field of functional genes related to soil N turnover, the pertinent literature retrieved from the Web of Science database from 2001 to 2020 was analyzed from four aspects of publications amount, highly cited papers, high-frequency keywords and historical direct citations based on knowledge mapping. The results showed that: 1) The application of molecular biology techniques to excavate the functional genes and community structure related to soil N turnover so as to explore the microbiological mechanism is the current hotspot and entry point in the research field. 2) The research about soil N turnover functional genes mainly focused on three aspects: (1) Using metagenomics and other technologies to screen, identify and annotate the functional genes related to soil N turnover, so as to discover new microbial functional gene sequences and updates primer database, etc.; (2) Effects of environmental factors and agricultural management practices on soil N turnover related microbial indicators; (3) Using functional gene abundance to characterize the soil N cycling processes-related functional microorganisms, as well as analyze the relationship between functional genes, soil properties, and microbial community structure, in order to reveal the molecular mechanism of soil nitrogen turnover. 3) The historical development context of soil N turnover functional genes was from the screening, identification, identification, corresponding primer design and analysis method determination of N-cycling functional genes, to the influencing factors (or environmental conditions) of soil N turnover functional genes, combined with the current data of the activity, abundance of functional genes related to soil N turnover, and functional microbial populations, community structure and even soil properties, to comprehensively explore the microbial mechanism of soil N cycling.