蚯蚓粪、牛粪、商品有机肥在番茄上的 应用效果试验

摘要：为研究蚯蚓粪在番茄生产上的最佳用量，以番茄“希唯美191”为试材，采取完全随机设计， 比较不同用量蚯蚓粪与不同用量牛粪及商品有机肥对番茄长势、产量、品质等的影响。结果表明：施用蚯 蚓粪提高了土壤碱性，但降低了土壤盐害；施用牛粪增加了土壤盐含量，且土壤有机质含量随牛粪施用量 的增加而增加；定植前，施用牛粪有利于作物养分的供应，蚯蚓粪比普通有机肥在土壤中会更快、更多地 释放有效养分。定植前增施有机肥有利于番茄快速生长，T3（667 m2 增施蚯蚓粪2 t）、T4（667 m2 增施蚯 蚓粪3 t）、T6（667 m2 增施牛粪2 t）、T7（667 m2 增施牛粪3 t）处理的番茄长势、产量、品质均优于其他 处理，尤其是T3处理（667 m2 增施蚯蚓粪2 t）的番茄产量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸 比均最高，较对照分别提高了39.82%、1.2个百分点、0.2个百分点和26.43%，总酸含量最低，较对照降低 19.37%，果实品质最好。

Application Effects of Earthworm Manure, Cow Dung and Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Tomatoes

Abstract: In order to study the optimal dosage of earthworm manure in tomato production, the tomato ''Xiweimei 191'' was used as the test material, and a completely random design was adopted to compare the effects of different dosage of earthworm manure, different dosage of cow dung and commercial organic fertilizer on tomato growth, yield, quality, and so on. The results showed that the soil alkalinity increased but the soil salt damage reduced by application of earthworm manure. The soil salt content increased by application of cow dung, and soil organic matter content increased with the increasing of cow dung application amount. The application of cow dung before transplanting was beneficial to the nutrients'' supply of crop, and earthworm manure released effective nutrients in the soil faster and more than ordinary organic manure before transplanting. Adding organic fertilizers before transplanting was beneficial to the rapid growth of tomato, the growth, yield and quality of tomatoes in treatments of T3 (with earthworm manure 2 t per 667 m2 ), T4 (with earthworm manure 3 t per 667 m2), T6 (with cow dung 2 t per 667 m2), T7 (with cow dung 3 t per 667 m2) were higher than other treatments. In particular, the yield, soluble protein content, soluble solid content and sugar-acid ratio of tomato in T3 treatment (with earthworm manure 2 t per 667 m2) were the highest, which increased by 39.82%, 1.2 percentage points, 0.2 percentage points and 26.43% compared with the control, respectively. And the total acid content was the lowest, which decreased by 19.37% compared with the control, and the fruit quality was the best.