黄河流域水土保持综合治理空间均衡性分析

黄河流域具有多类别的泥沙来源区，水沙异源特性突出，研究水土保持综合治理空间均衡性，对于优化水土保持空间布局和有效持续减少入黄泥沙极为必要。基于黄河泥沙来源区特征和水土保持综合治理现状分析，利用统计学理论与方法，研究水土保持综合治理空间均衡性的概念、评价原理和评价方法，并对治理现状的均衡性进行评价。结果表明：(1)与流域水土流失强度空间分异性相对应、且在一定程度上能够有效控制侵蚀产沙强度的治理是空间治理均衡性的基本体现，其治理程度可以利用治理效应定量反映；(2)不同治理程度的减沙作用不同的，通过分析全流域系统内不同分区治理措施减沙作用度的差异，可以判识治理的空间均衡性；(3)治理空间均衡性的评价内容主要包括划分评价流域分区、计算水土保持措施减沙作用度和空间治理均衡系数判识弱治理区；(4)目前黄河流域空间治理是不均衡的，兰州—头道拐片区、头道拐—龙门区间陕西北片的水土保持措施减沙作用度、空间治理均衡系数都很低，属于典型的弱治理区。提出的水土保持综合治理空间均衡性评价方法可定量识别弱治理区，为优化水土保持发展格局提供新的技术方法。

Spatial Equilibrium Analysis of Comprehensive Control of Soil and Water Conservation in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin has a variety of sediment source areas, and the characteristics of water and sediment sources are prominent. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to study the Spatial equilibrium analysis of comprehensive control of soil and water conservation to optimize the spatial layout of soil and water conservation and to effectively and continuously reduce the sediment entering the Yellow River. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the sediment source areas and the current situation of comprehensive control of soil and water conservation, we used statistical theory and methods to study the concept, principle and evaluation method of the spatial equilibrium of comprehensive control of the Yellow River soil and water conservation, and evaluated the equilibrium of control status. The results show that: (1) The spatial equilibrium of comprehensive control of soil and water conservation in the watershed refers to the control measures that corresponds to the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion intensity and can effectively control the erosion and sediment yield intensity to a certain extent, and the degree of the control can be quantified by the effect; (2) The sediment reduction effects of different degrees of control are different, and the spatial equilibrium of control in the whole basin system can be identified by the differences in the degree of sediment reduction effect of different zoning control measures; (3) The evaluation method of spatial equilibrium of control is proposed, and the method mainly includes evaluation of watershed zoning, calculation of the degree of sediment reduction effect of soil and water conservation measures and spatial equilibrium coefficient of comprehensive control, and identification of weakly controlled areas; (4) At present, the spatial control of the Yellow River Basin is uneven, and the degree of sediment reduction effect of soil and water conservation measures and the spatial control equilibrium coefficient are very low in the Lanzhou-Toudaoquan area and the northern part of Shaanxi Province, which are typical weak control areas. The proposed method for evaluating the spatial equilibrium of comprehensive control of soil and water conservation can quantitatively identify weakly controlled areas and provide a new technical method for optimizing the development pattern of soil and water conservation.