四粒红花生物料特性试验与测定

以新疆中西部地区林果套种模式下的‘四粒红’花生为研究对象，在田间调研的基础上，应用微控电子万能试验机、MS-70红外线水分测定仪和ZRQF-F30J手持式数显热球风速计等试验设备，研究花生在挖掘铺放晾晒过程中含水率，秧柄节点、果柄节点与果柄拉伸力，花生荚果破碎力以及花生荚果、茎秆和叶片在不同含水率下的风力悬浮速度范围。本研究初步确定了最佳的收获时间为花生晾晒后5～7 d,此时花生秧蔓、果柄、花生荚果的含水率分别为34.5%降至24.0%、22.0%降至16.0%、14.0%降至9.0%,果柄、秧柄节点、果柄节点的拉伸力分别为14.95～15.10、12.50～12.90、8.45～8.60 N,花生荚果侧面、荚果正面、荚果立面破碎力分别为45.0 N降至41.0 N、86.5 N降至70.3 N、42.0 N降至36.1 N,花生荚果、茎秆、花生叶片的风力悬浮速度分别为5.82～6.97、2.43～2.77、1.97～2.44 m·s^-1,研究结果为后续花生收获机械设计、研制提供参考。

Experiment and measurement of Silihong peanut plants characteristics

This study used Silihong peanut plants under the forest fruit intercropping mode in the central and western regions of Xinjiang as the research materials. Based on the field investigation of peanuts, it examined the moisture content, seedling stem node, fruit stem node and fruit stem stretching force, the anti-extrusion pressure of peanut pods, as well as the resistance of peanut pods to extrusion of the wind speed range of stems and leaves under different moisture levels. The optimum harvest time was preliminarily determined to be 5~7 days. During this time, the moisture content of peanut plant, fruit stalk and peanut pod were from 34.5% to 24.0%, from 22.0% to 16.0%, from 14.0% to 9.0% respectively. The tensile force of fruit stalk, seedling stalk node and fruit stalk node were 14.95~15.10, 12.50~12.90 N and 8.45~8.60 N respectively. The extrusion force of peanut pod side, pod front and pod end were from 45.0 N to 41.0 N, from 86.5 N to 70.3 N and from 42.0 N to 36.1 N respectively. The wind suspended velocities of peanut pod, stem and peanut leaf were 5.82~6.97, 2.43~2.77 m·s^-1 and 1.97~2.44 m·s^-1 respectively. The study provides a parameter basis for design and development of subsequent peanut harvesting machinery.