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菜-鱼复合设施种养系统构建与运行试验分析
引用本文:徐琰斐,单建军,顾川川,高霞婷,张宇雷,倪琦.菜-鱼复合设施种养系统构建与运行试验分析[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(2):150-156.
作者姓名:徐琰斐  单建军  顾川川  高霞婷  张宇雷  倪琦
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,农业农村部渔业装备与工程技术重点实验室,农业农村部水产养殖设施工程重点实验室,上海 200092
基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助(2020YFD0900305);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD78)
摘    要:针对工厂化循环水养殖废弃物资源化利用难题,该研究将传统鱼菜共生技术进行改进,提出并构建一种菜-鱼复合设施种养模式。通过设计3路水循环工艺流程,将工厂化循环水养殖、蔬菜无土栽培(即鱼菜共生系统)与传统土壤种植结合,以促进水产养殖固液废弃物全循环利用。基于质量平衡原理,根据投饲量和养殖尾水排放量提出鱼菜生物量配比和发酵装置体积计算方式,以提高系统营养物质利用效率。建立一套中试系统,使用该系统同时养殖大口黑鲈、种植水培生菜和番茄160 d,结果显示:鱼类生长良好,最终养成密度为41.6 kg/m3,特定生长率为0.42%,存活率99.95%,饵料系数为1.4;蔬菜长势良好,收获水培生菜1 205 kg,收获番茄果实2 400 kg。水质情况总体稳定:总氨氮平均浓度为(0.83±1.46)mg/L、亚硝酸盐平均浓度为(0.035±0.062)mg/L、硝酸盐平均浓度为(25.1±8.06) mg/L、溶解氧浓度范围为4.25~7.16 mg/L、p H值平均为6.8;水产养殖废弃物发酵后,可使水体中总磷含量提高141%,钾离子含量提高7%;系统经济效益和生态效益较好:年利...

关 键 词:设施  蔬菜    鱼菜共生  循环水养殖  蔬菜无土栽培  土壤种植
收稿时间:2022/10/12 0:00:00
修稿时间:2023/1/10 0:00:00

Constructing and operating synergy model of aquaponic system integrated with soil-based cultivation
XU Yanfei,SHAN Jianjun,Gu Chuanchuan,GAO Xiating,ZHANG Yulei,NI Qi.Constructing and operating synergy model of aquaponic system integrated with soil-based cultivation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2023,39(2):150-156.
Authors:XU Yanfei  SHAN Jianjun  Gu Chuanchuan  GAO Xiating  ZHANG Yulei  NI Qi
Institution:Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering Technology, MOA, China Key Laboratory of aquaculture facilities engineering, MOA, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract:Abstract: A synergy model of the aquaponic system was integrated with soil-based cultivation, particularly for the recycling use of aquaculture wastewater and solids. A three-way water cycle process was also designed in this study. A pilot system was built at Yaomo village, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China in 2020. Three parts were composed mainly of the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), hydroponics, and soil-based cultivation unit, specifically including the fish tank, radial-flow clarifier, micro-screen drum filter, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), mineralization tank, ultraviolet sterilizer, sump tank, hydroponic troughs, and farmland. In a three-way water cycle process, the first way was a circulation loop of the RAS unit, where the effluent first went through the physical filters under gravity, and then lifted into the MBBR by pump to remove ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate. Finally, the water flowed into the ultraviolet sterilization, and then returned to a fish tank. The second way was a circulation loop of "aquaculture unit to hydroponics unit", where the aquaculture effluent was loaded with the nutrients, filtered into the hydroponic troughs where the plant roots were fertilized, then recycled back to the fish tank, and remediated cumulated nutrients. The third way was the "aquaculture unit to soil-based cultivation unit" cycle, where the fish sludge solids were accumulated into the mineralization tank, and then irrigated to the farmland after being mineralized by the pump. In the RAS unit, the respiration and metabolism of fish and the decomposition of the residual feed produced ammonia nitrogen and then converted to nitrate nitrogen under the effect of microorganisms in the MBBR and on the surface of plant roots. In the hydroponics unit, the plants absorbed nitrate nitrogen produced from the RAS unit, and then purified the aquaculture wastewater. In the soil-based cultivation unit, the fish sludge solids (mainly composed of degradable organic matter) were degraded to small molecules in a mineralisation tank, whereas, the macronutrients (i.e. N, P, and K) and micronutrients (i.e. Fe, Mn, and Zn) that were bound to the organic molecules were released into the water in their ionic forms to complete the process of nutrient mineralization. The key parameters (including the biomass ratio of fish and vegetables) were calculated to propose the capacity of the mineralization device. According to the calculation, the system was designed to farm 1 400 kg fish in a tank of 28.3 m3, to plant 3 648 vegetables in 96 circular pipes each of 8 m, and the mineralization tank volume was set to 2 m3. Taking the largemouth bass as the case, the lettuce and tomato as the culturing object for 160 days from May 21st to October 28th. The experiment results showed that better growth of fish was achieved, where the final culture density reached up to 41.6 kg/m3, the specific growth rate was 0.42%, the survival rate was 99.95%, and the feed coefficient was 1.4. The better growth of vegetables was also obtained, where 1205 kg of hydroponic lettuce and 2 400 kg of tomato were harvested during the period. Consequently, the water quality was stable: the average concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was (0.83±1.46) mg/L, the average concentration of nitrite (NO2--N) was (0.035±0.062) mg/L, the average concentration of nitrate (NO3--N) was (25.1±8.06) mg/L, the concentration range of dissolved oxygen was 4.25-7.16 mg/L, and the average pH was 6.8. More importantly, the average concentration of total phosphorus and potassium in water increased by 141% and 7%, respectively, during the mineralization process. The excellent economic and ecological benefits of the system were obtained: the annual profit was about 46 000 Yuan, the use of chemical fertilizers was reduced by 4/5, the use of pesticides was reduced by 3/4, and the daily water exchange was less than 5%.
Keywords:facilities  vegetables  fish  aquaponics  recirculating aquaculture system  hydroponics  soil-based cultivation
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