不同时期春播鉴定小麦品种冬春性研究

小麦是河南省传统栽培作物。据统计，河南省小麦种植面积已达5.33×106hm2，约占全国总面积的20%，总产量占全国总产的25%左右，商品量占全国的30%左右，已多年保持播种面积、总产量、单产水平、收购量全国第一1]。研究及生产实践均证明2-5],选好、用好小麦品种，使品种的增产潜力得到充分发挥，是确保小麦稳定增产的前提。而河南省主要推广的小麦品种是通过河南省小麦区试推荐审定的品种。近年来随着气候逐渐变暖，秋暖冬寒和春季倒春寒频繁发生，造成小麦冻害时常发生，对小麦生产带来一定的风险6-9]。冻害的主要原因就是品种选择不当10],每年都存在不了解品种冬春性，选用春性品种早播，出现一定面积的春性品种早播麦田，因此，品种审定前对其进行冬春性鉴定，为小麦品种审定、合理布局和推有重要意义。为此，作者采用春播鉴定法对2020-2021年度河南省区试95份小麦新品种进行冬春性鉴定，以期为小麦品种审定和推广等提供科学依据。

Study on Distinguishing Wheat Growth Habits by Spring Sowing in Different Periods

In this experiment, identify 95 new wheat varieties growth habit wheat varieties through spring sowing method in the field. The results showed that 12 new varieties was the spring under the second stage of spring sowing, and all the spring varieties were heading with the heading rate was 38.5%-95.0%, the seedling heading period was 46-53 days, and the maturity was immature, basically mature and nearly mature. Eighty-three new varieties were winter , most of varieties were not heading, the heading rate was 0-23.9%, and the maturity was immature. Spring varieties accounted for 12.6% of the total number of tested varieties, winter varieties accounted for 87.4%. Under one spring sowing condition, all winter cultivars was semi-winter. Under the condition of three spring sowing periods, 5 wheat varieties was spring , and the other 7 varieties was weak spring.