连续6年施用生物炭和炭基肥对棕壤生物活性的影响

为了明确生物炭与传统土壤培肥方式对土壤中生物活性的影响,通过连续6年微区定位试验,以传统的土壤培肥方式作为对照,探究较长时间施用生物炭和炭基肥对土壤酶活性的影响,以更好地揭示施用生物炭对农业土壤微生态环境的影响,为生物炭农用提供理论参考。定位试验于2009年开始,连续6年进行了花生微区田间试验(2 m2)。试验设4个处理,分别为秸秆还田+NPK(CS)、施用猪厩肥+NPK(PMC)、生物炭+NPK(BIO)和炭基肥(BF)处理。测定了2014年播前以及花生各生育时期土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶以及微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳含量等指标。结果表明,连续施用6年后,BIO处理中土壤过氧化氢酶活性除播前和成熟期与CS及PMC处理相近外,其他生育时期均显著(P0.05)低于这2个处理;土壤蔗糖酶活性除成熟期外其他时期均高于CS和PMC处理。BF处理中土壤过氧化氢酶活性除播前处于较高水平,其他生育时期与CS和PMC相比均处于较低水平;土壤蔗糖酶活性除结荚期外其他生育时期均接近或者低于CS和PMC处理。与CS和PMC处理相比,BIO和BF处理对脲酶活性的影响没有表现出明显的规律性。BIO和BF处理除成熟期外,其他生育期中土壤微生物量碳含量均低于PMC处理。在花针期相对于CS和PMC处理,BIO处理中可溶性有机碳含量提高,BF中处理可溶性有机碳含量降低。与CS和PMC相比,施用生物炭会抑制土壤过氧化氢酶活性,提高蔗糖酶活性,提高了土壤可溶性有机碳含量;施用炭基肥抑制了过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性,降低了可溶性有机碳含量,生物炭和炭基肥对脲酶活性的影响没有表现出明显规律性,对微生物活性提高的作用在秸秆还田和施用猪厩肥之间。

Influences of 6-year Application of Biochar and Biochar-based Compound Fertilizer on Soil Bioactivity on Brown Soil

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of application of biochar and biochar com-pound fertilizer on soil enzyme activity under test of improving brown soil for the sixth year in a row,and it also re-vealed the effect of biochar on agricultural soil micro-environment.A micro-plot (2 m2 )field experiment was con-ducted from 2009 to 2014 with peanut as tested crop.Four treatments were designed:corn straw returning in combi-nation with NPK (CS),pig manure in combination with NPK (PMC),biochar from corncob in combination with NPK (BIO),and biochar-based compound fertilizer (BF).Catalase,invertase,urease,MBC and soluble carbon of peanut were determined using their relevant methods before sawing and at different developmental stages in 2014. Before planting and mature period,the catalase activity of BIO was close to CS and PMC,the catalase of BIO was lower than that of CS and PMC.Except mature period,invertase activity of BIO was higher than CS and PMC at all growth stages of peanut.Compared with other growth stages,catalase activity of BF was higher than CS and PMC at seeding stage.Only at podding stage,soil invertase activity of treatment BF was higher than that of treatment CS and PMC.Compared with CS and PMC,BIO and BF on urease activity did not show obvious regularity.The positive effect of using biochar and biochar-based compound fertilizer on microbial activity was lower than pig manure appli-cation.Compared with CS and PMC,BIO improved the content of DOC at flowering-stage.Biochar induced catalase activity and content of DOC,but improved invertase activity.Application of biochar-based compound fertilizer in-duced catalase,invertase activity and content of DOC.Compared with CS and PMC,BIO and BF on urease activity did not show obvious regularity.Using biochar and biochar-based compound fertilizer of improve activity of microbial in the straw returned and the pig manure application.