长期不同施肥对黄潮土区玉米产量稳定性的影响

分析黄潮土区玉米产量稳定性对不同施肥方式的响应,为黄潮土区合理施肥管理、改善农田生态系统质量提供依据。以21年长期定位试验为研究平台,通过研究玉米的平均产量、产量年际波动及土壤养分状况对8种施肥方式(CK、N、NP、NPK、M、MN、MNP、MNPK)的响应,比较不同施肥方式下玉米产量稳定性的优劣及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,施肥处理产量均有显著增加。从21年产量平均值来看,以有机无机配施处理(MN、MNP、MNPK)平均产量最高,为7 240~7 503 kg/hm2;NPK处理次之,与当年CK处理相比,增产率为139.57%。N处理导致玉米产量变异系数(CV)偏高、可持续性产量指数(SYI)偏低,产量稳定性最低;有机无机配施处理的CV最低、SYI最高,产量稳定性最高,而M处理的产量稳定性和生产可持续性不及处理NPK。施肥处理肥料贡献率逐年递增,以有机无机配施处理贡献率最高,平均贡献率为59.59%~60.88%。在土壤养分方面,有机无机配施处理明显提高土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量,且这些养分指标与玉米产量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。因此,黄潮土区有机无机配施为最佳施肥方式,土壤养分供应较均衡,稳定性最佳,农田生态系统质量最优。

Effect of Long-term Different Fertilization on Maize Yield Stability in Yellow Fluvo-aquic Soil Region

This research was conducted to reveal the stability difference and dynamic of maize yield to longterm fertilization in yellow fluvo-aquic soil,and to provide scientific references for establishing the optimal fertilization pattern and promoting the sustainable production of maize.Based on long-term fertilization experiment in Xuzhou of Jiangsu Province,the trend of change in maize average yield,annual fluctuation of maize yield and soil nutrients content in eight fertilization patterns were investigated:no fertilizer (CK),N fertilizer (N),combined N and P fertilizer (NP),combined N,P and K fertilizer (NPK),organic manure (M),N fertilizer and organic manure (MN),combination of N,P and organic manure (MNP),combination of N,P,K and organic manure (MNPK).It was discovered that fertilizer application could significantly increase maize yield,compared to CK treatment.In re-spect of maize average yield of 21 years,application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (MN,MNP,MNPK)were higher than other fertilization treatments,with 7 240-7 503 kg/ha;NPK took the second place,by increasing 139.57％ of that in the non-fertilization treatment.Compared with CK,N enhanced the coefficient of variation (CV) and reduced sustainable yield index (SYI),which made yield stability the worst;the maize yield stability of MN,MNP,MNPK were better than NPK which was better than M.The contribution ratio of fertilizer had been increasing since 1981,and the MN,MNP,MNPK were the higher than other treatment,with average of 59.59％-60.88％.The fertilizer treatment of MN,MNP,MNPK could obvious increase the content of total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil.The contents of total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with yield in yellow fluvo-aquic soil (P ＜ 0.01).In a word,application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is the best fertilization mode in yellow fluvo-aquic soil region,which made soil nutrient more balanced,maize yield more stable and agricultural ecosystem quality better.