印度芥菜(Brassica juncea L.)重金属耐性机理研究进展

印度芥菜可富集/忍耐Cd、Zn 等多种重金属, 是研究植物修复技术的一种模式植物。高浓度的重金属离子会改变植物的基因表达、细胞形态、细胞结构, 最终使植物生长受抑, 甚至死亡。印度芥菜高效的抗氧化系统、损伤修复系统以及对重金属的螯合、区域化可部分解除重金属的毒性, 缓解重金属离子的毒害作用。利用基因工程技术在印度芥菜中导入重金属耐性及运输相关基因可大幅度提高其重金属富集能力, 在重金属污染修复方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Research progress on tolerance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to heavy metal

Much research has been conducted on the mechanism of phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution by Indian mustard. Indian mustard plants typically have high heavy metal (e.g. Zn and Cd) accumulation capacity. Changes had been noted in plant gene expression, cell morphology and cell structure under high heavy metal concentration, which eventually resulted in growth inhibition and even death. In Indian mustard, high efficient antioxidant system, injury-repairing system and chelation, compartmentalization for heavy metals could detoxicate the toxicity of heavy metals and alleviate the injury induced by heavy metals. Transgenic Indian mustard with tolerance or transport genes improved heavy metal accumulation ability. This implied that Indian mustard had a great potential for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.