河北省低平原区近16年来农田施肥量、作物产量和养分效率的变化特征

为阐明近16年来河北省低平原区农田养分管理措施对作物产量和养分效率的影响,提高农田养分管理技术水平,对1998~2014年在河北省开展的6个土壤肥力定位监测试验进行了统计分析。结果发现,河北省低平原区小麦氮、磷、钾肥施用量一直维持在较高的水平,年平均施用量分别为315.2、199.5和173.2 kg/hm~2。玉米施肥量逐年增加,2014年氮、磷、钾施用量分别为247.0、69.8和128.5 kg/hm~2。小麦、玉米施肥区产量分别较1998年提升了40.7%和72.4%,小麦无肥区没有明显增产,玉米无肥区产量提高了36.1%。施肥量增加对小麦产量没有明显的影响,但对玉米产量增加有显著的促进作用,其中氮素是影响玉米产量的最主要因素。小麦的氮肥偏生产力和农学效率因施肥量较高在过去16年间没有明显的变化,而玉米则随时间和施肥量的增加呈下降趋势。土壤基础地力对小麦、玉米产量的贡献率呈逐年下降的趋势。

ynamic changes of fertilization rate,yield and nutrient use efficiency in recent 16 years in the low plain area of Hebei province

In order to understand the characteristics of farmers' nutrient management strategy on yield and nutrient use efficiency in recent 16 years in the low plain area of Hebei province,six in-site soil fertility monitoring experiments data sets,which was conducted since 1998 to 2014,were used to evaluate the changes in this region.The results showed that the fertilization rate for wheat kept at high level,averaged yearly N,P2O5 and K2O application rates were 315.2,199.5 and 173.2 kg/hm2,respectively.The fertilization rate of N,P2O5 and K2O for maize increased year by year,and had reached 247.0,69.8 and 128.5 kg/hm2,respectively,in 2014.The wheat and maize yield for fertilization plots increased about 40.7% and 72.4%,respectively,in 2014 than that in 1998.But for the no fertilization plots,there was no yield increasing for wheat and 36.1% yield increasing for maize.The fertilization rate increasing did not affect the wheat yield,but significantly increased the maize yield.The nutrient use efficiency of PFP-N and AE-N for wheat did not change too much due to the high fertilization rates,but all had the declining trend for maize with the time and the fertilization rates increasing.And the percentage of basic soil fertility contribution to wheat and maize yield kept declining.