苹果专用肥对果园土壤理化性质及苹果产量、品质的影响

研究比较了旱地苹果专用肥与化肥、农家肥对果园土壤理化性质、果实产量及品质的影响,在10年生红富士果园设置不覆膜+化肥(CK)、不覆膜+农家肥(T1)、不覆膜+苹果专用肥(T2)、覆膜+化肥(FCK)、覆膜+农家肥(FT1)、覆膜+苹果专用肥(FT2)6个处理。结果表明:在未覆膜条件下,与CK相比,T1和T2处理均降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤贮水量,但两者间差异不显著;T1和T2处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量,在0~20 cm土层较CK处理分别提高36.77%和33.73%;T2处理提高了土壤中速效养分含量,其0~60 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别较CK提高7.34%、9.05%、5.90%;各施肥处理苹果年均产量顺序为T2CK≥T1,T2处理的果实硬度(7.19 kg·cm-2)和糖酸比(33.23)均最高。与未覆膜相比,覆膜条件下,各处理(FCK、FT1、FT2)土壤容重均有所降低,土壤贮水量、有机质、速效养分、果实产量和品质均得到提高,以FT2处理整体效果最好。综合分析表明,施用苹果专用肥提高了果实产量和品质,改善了土壤肥力,是果园简便高效的施肥技术。

Effect of apple special fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and yield and quality of fruit of apple orchard

The study investigated the effect of dryland apple special fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and yield and quality of fruit in an apple orchard compared to ordinary fertilizer and manure.In 10-year Fuji apple orchard,six treatments were set up as follows:ordinary fertilizer without plastic film mulching (CK),manure without plastic film mulching (T1),apple special fertilizer without plastic film mulching (T2),ordinary fertilizer with plastic film mulching (FCK),manure with plastic film mulching (FT1),apple special fertilizer with plastic film mulching (FT2).The result suggested that under condition without film mulching,compared with CK,treatments T1 and T2 decreased soil bulk density and enhanced soil waterholding capacity,but not significant.Treatments T1 and T2 all increased soil organic matter content significantly,which increased by 36.77％ and 33.73％ at 0 ～ 20 cm soil layers respectively.Treatment T2 held the greatest improvement effect in soil available nutrients.The content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium at 0 ～ 60 cm soil layers under treatment T2 exhibited an increase by 7.34％,9.05％,5.90％ compared with CK,respectively.The annual apple production of treatments was in the order of T2 ＞ CK≥T1,and treatment T2 held the optimal fruit hardness (7.19 kg · cm-2)and sugar-acid ratio (33.23).Under condition with film mulching,treatments FCK,FT1,FT2 all decreased soil bulk density,enhanced soil water-holding capacity,content of organic matter and available nutrients and fruit yield and quality compared with no film mulching treatments,and treatment FT2 had the best overall effects.The finding in this study highlighted that the apple special fertilizer enhanced fruit yield and quality,improved soil fertility,was simple and efficient fertilization technology in apple orchards.