长期培肥对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响

在吉林省中部重点产粮区的黑土上进行了近30年的土壤定位培肥研究。结果表明，连续30年不施肥料，耕层土壤有机质含量年均减少0.1 g/kg左右，单施化肥土壤有机质年平均矿化率约为0.38%，施入不同数量有机肥及与化肥配合施用的耕层土壤有机质平均年增加0.3 g/kg左右，土壤全氮含量的变化与土壤有机质趋势相同。施用有机肥可以降低土壤容重，下降幅度在0～0.06 g/cm³，不施肥和单施化肥区土壤容重呈增加趋势。施用高量有机肥，耕层土壤总孔隙、田间持水孔隙增加。长年施用有机肥的玉米产量与单施化肥的处理基本相同。有机－无机肥配施有利于土壤有机质的积累，改善耕层土壤理化性状，玉米产量稳定增加。

The Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Corn Yields and Soil Fertility

The black soil locate-fertilization research works in key grain middle area of Jilin province in recent 30 years were studied. The results showed that soil organic contents of plough layer reduce 0.11 g/kg per year by no-fertilizer treatment and the rate of mineralization was about 0.38% by single chemical fertilizer application. The increase rate was 0.3 g/kg per year by organic-inorganic fertilization. The transform trend of content of soil total nitrogen was similar to soil organic matter. By organic fertilizer application can lessen soil unit weight and the range was between 0 - 0.06 g/cm³ while the trend showed expanding by no-fertilization and chemical fertilization. The soil total porosity and field capacity porosity of plough layer were increase and the vent porosity changed irregular. The maize yield of single organic fertilization was equal to chemical fertilization. Organic-inorganic compound fertilization was benefit to accumulation of soil organic matter, improve soil physical-chemical property, promote soil fertility, and the yield could stable increased.