Lumbosacral epidural management.

Spinal techniques (epidural and subarachnoid injection) are taught in veterinary curricula, but because they are less convenient they are not used widely in practice. Many animals undergoing routine (below the umbilicus level) surgical procedures can be anesthetized with mild sedation and caudal epidural analgesia. Ninety minutes of analgesia is provided by the shorter-acting agents, whereas bupivacaine provides 4 to 6 hours. Twelve percent of our attempts failed to produce analgesia. Sedation, surgeon acceptance, and patient temperament contributed to an additional few failures. High-risk cases are better handled on oxygen.