高陡石质边坡生态修复初期植物组合优化研究

以广东石质边坡14种常用植被为研究对象，设置15种组合，利用液压喷播优化基质，观测植被群落初期动态变化特征及基质硬度与基础呼吸特性，以期为高陡石质立面中后期植被群落生长提供合理的预测。结果显示，各指标主要受草本植物组合比例影响。初期呈现茂盛生长的草本植物群落组合，显著影响乔、灌木的成活率、生长高度和生物量(p<0.05)。随时间延长，基质基础呼吸值随草本植物比例增加及组合覆盖速率增长呈先上升后下降趋势，即过快的草本覆盖速度反而抑制了土壤呼吸。基质硬度随组合物种多样性及地下生物量的增加而降低，即在施工早期，根部初期生长较慢的植物种占据优势可有效提高基质硬度，增强坡体土壤稳固性。组合总生物量与物种多样性之间相关性不显著(p>0.05)。表明合理的草本植物喷播比例是影响高陡石质边坡生态修复草、灌、乔各目标植物在时空上逐步向稳定和合理的分布格局发展的关键因素。

Optimization Study on Early Plant Combinations Used in Ecological Restoration for High and Sleep Rocky Slope

In order to realize healthy succession of restoring ecological highway rocky slope, considering the impossible conditions to conduct the second fill establish using ecological engineering techniques, the effective and reasonable plant community is very important. In this study, 14 kinds of plants which usually were applied in Guangdong freeway slopes are used and 15 different combinations were designed. Some characteristics of plant community, soil hardness properties and soil basal respiration related to plant growth were studied in order to provide reasonable estimates for the later vegetation growth on high and steep stock slope. The special artificial soil applied in hydro-seeding technique was used. As the results shown, all the tested indexes were mainly affected by the herb plant(p<0.05). With the extension of time, the soil basal respiration showed first rise after falling trend, i.e. over-quick herb plant growth will restrain soil respiration. Soil hardness showed decline trend with the increase of plant diversities and root-biomass. It indicated that the relative slowly growth for root in the earlier engineering construction will improve slope soil robustness through increasing soil hardness. There is no evident linear correlation between total plant biomass and diversity of species. In conclusion, if the advantage of herb community growth were appropriately limited, a relative stable and reasonable plant community concluding grass, shrubs and free would be presented.