Green space type and healthy ageing in place: An Australian longitudinal study |
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| Institution: | 1. Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), New South Wales, Australia;2. School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia;3. Centre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;4. Australian Centre for Culture, Environment, Society and Space, School of Geography and Sustainable Communities, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia;5. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, 2325 N. Clifton Ave., Chicago, IL 60614, USA;2. Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, USA;3. Environmental Sciences Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;4. Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA;5. Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA;1. University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;2. The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Květnové náměstí 391, 252 43 Pr?honice, Czech Republic;3. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic;4. Environmental Protection Department, City Hall Prague, Jungmannova 35/29, CZ-110 01 Praha, Czech Republic;1. School of landscape architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua east Rd., 100083, China;2. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 380 honglidadao Road, Xinxiang, China;1. The Department of Environmental, Geoinformatics and Urban Planning Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;2. Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;3. Department of Economics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Research on the health benefits of people’s long-term exposure to green space is lacking. Addressing this emerging topic, this study uncovers the association of green space types with a person’s healthy ageing score (HAS). We investigated the association with HAS by continuous exposure to various green space types for two years. Green space types include tree canopy, low-lying vegetation and open grass percentage within 1.6-km road network distance buffers at baseline and second follow-up. Healthy ageing outcomes included functional capacity, resilience and HAS while accounting for relocation. This is a longitudinal study of a cohort of 22,715 New South Wales residents aged over 45 who participated in the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Wollongong and Newcastle. Longitudinal models of healthy ageing on green space types were fit with controls for socioeconomic confounders. Women who did not relocate were associated with a lower functional capacity (β; 95%CI: ?0.10; ?0.15,?0.05) and higher resilience (0.11; 0.08, 0.14) compared to those who relocated. Apart from age, personal characteristics did not explain the variation in healthy ageing outcomes for participants who moved. For participants who did not relocate, 30% grass cover was associated with decreased functional capacity (?0.22; ?0.41,?0.04) and HAS (?0.31; ?0.56,?0.05). Also, 5–9% low-lying vegetation was associated with a decline in functional capacity (?0.09; ?0.15, ?0.03) and HAS (?0.09; ?0.17, ?0.01) of participants who stayed but improved resilience (0.28; 0.01, 0.55) of participants who relocated. Green space comprising over 30% tree cover appeared most beneficial for functional capacity (0.42; 0.31, 0.53), resilience (0.19; 0.13, 0.25) and HAS (0.60; 0.45, 0.75). For participants who relocated, over 30% tree canopy was associated with improved functional capacity (0.33; 0.54, 0.62) but not resilience or their HAS. Increased neighbourhood tree canopy supports healthy ageing. Older people should be supported to live in-home or move into nearby residential care and maintain regular contact with green spaces and trees, to maximise potential benefits for health and wellbeing. |
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| Keywords: | Green space Tree canopy Resilience Functional capacity Healthy ageing score |
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