Evaluating the quality of street trees in Washington,D.C.: Implications for environmental justice |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA;2. Department of Geography, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA;3. Urban Forestry Division, District Department of Transportation, Washington DC, USA;1. Department of Biological Sciences (M/C 066), University of Illinois Chicago, 3346 SES, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;2. Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, 3S580 Naperville Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, China;2. Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, China;3. Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, China;4. School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, China;1. School of Architecture and Design Southwest Jiaotong University, no 99 Campus, Mianshi, Xidiwan, Building 7, Unit 1, Room 3004, Pixian County, Xipu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;2. School of Architecture and design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;1. Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;2. Department of Urban Development and Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;1. The Centre for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;2. Research Center for China Administrative Division, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;3. Future City Lab, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;4. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;5. Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China;1. Department of Geography and Meteorology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA;2. Baltimore Field Station, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Policy and Research, TreePeople, Beverly Hills, CA, USA;4. Departments of Urban Planning and Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Urban street trees are part of the bundle of environmental amenities that support healthy social, economic, and environmental functions. In this study, we systematically evaluate the quality of 196,825 street trees at the US. Census tract level in Washington D.C., as well as related impacts from socioeconomic, landscape patterns and environmental factors using Ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression, geographically weighted regression (GWR) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Our results reveal that environmental and socioeconomic factors can explain most of the spatial variation of street tree quality in Washington, D.C. There is a substantial statistical negative relationship between median household income and the percent of street trees under stress, which provided the evidence of the inequities of street tree quality in Washington D.C. Higher-income neighborhoods exhibited a lower proportion of street trees under stress. In addition, the extreme summer temperature is positively associated with the proportion of street trees under stress. The quality of street trees is directly impacted by environmental and landscape pattern factors. There is also an indirect impact from socioeconomic factor toward quality of street trees. Our findings suggest that multiple variables, related to income, age, education, landscape pattern, and environment contribute to the quality of street trees in D.C. Based upon our findings, we identify strategies and insights for urban street tree management in DC to not only address environmental inequity and injustice, but also promote a more inclusive and resilient urban greenery system. |
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| Keywords: | Urban forest Street tree Tree health Environmental justice Resilience |
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